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摘要: 为更深入全面了解高速列车系统动力学研究现状，综述了高速列车动力学性能对车辆运行稳定性、安全性和平稳性的影响，总结了列车安全评价方法和动力学试验方法在车辆动力学中的应用，基于轮轨间作用力，分析了轮轨磨耗对列车动力学性能的影响，概括了车-桥耦合模型、弓网系统以及列车空气动力模型在车辆系统动力学中的研究内容。分析结果表明：车轮异常磨耗会导致舒适性下降，合理的车轮镟修能有效降低车轮非圆化和车辆系统关键部件的振动，降低车内振动噪声，增加列车运行稳定性、安全性和平稳性；合适的轮对定位刚度和抗蛇行减振器的刚度和阻尼有利于提高列车蛇行运动稳定性和转向架运动临界速度；钢轨波磨严重时会导致钢轨扣件松动，缩短车辆构架和钢轨的使用寿命；通过合理的钢轨廓型打磨可消除曲线波磨，改善轮轨关系；行波效应对车辆安全性影响很大，与相同激励下的各项参数相比，车速为350 km·h-1、行波速度为300 m·s-1时的脱轨系数、轮重减载率和轮轨横向力都有所降低；横风作用下受电弓气动抬升力增大，影响接触网安全，增大弓头阻尼和弓头刚度可改善弓网受流特性。Abstract: To thoroughly investigate the research status of high-speed train system dynamics, the impact of high-speed train dynamics on the stability, safety, and stationarity of vehicle operation were reviewed. The applications of train safety evaluation methods and dynamics test approaches in vehicle dynamics were summarized. Based on the force between the wheel and rail, the influence of wheel-rail wear on the train dynamics performance was evaluated. The research on the vehicle-bridge coupling model, pantograph-net system, and train aerodynamic model in vehicle system dynamics was summarized. Analysis results show that abnormal wheel wear and tearing of the wheels can reduce comfort. Appropriate wheel repair can effectively reduce the non-rounding of the wheel, the vibration of key parts of the vehicle system, and the vibration and noise in the vehicle, while increasing the stability, safety, and stationarity of vehicle operation as well. An appropriate wheelset positioning stiffness, mounted stiffness, and anti-yaw damping are beneficial for improving the hunting motion stability of the vehicle and the critical speed of the bogie. Severe rail corrugation causes the rail fastenings to loosen and thereby shortens the service lifes of the vehicle frame and rail. The reasonable grinding of the rail profile can eliminate the curve corrugation and improve the wheel-rail relationship.Under the same excitation, the traveling wave effect has a greater impact on vehicle safety than other parameters. When the train speed is 350 km·h-1 and the traveling wave speed is 300 m·s-1, derailment coefficient, rate of wheel load reduction, and wheel-rail lateral force all decrease. Crosswinds increase the aerodynamic uplift force on the pantograph and affect the safety of the contact-wire network.Increasing the damping and stiffness of the pantograph head can improve the current-collection characteristics of the pantograph and catenary. 1 tab, 22 figs, 200 refs.
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Key words:
- high-speed train /
- dynamics performance /
- bench test /
- modeling and simulation /
- wheel polygon /
- rail wear /
- coupling dynamics
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图 9 定常稳态与瞬态中国帽风载模型横向力
Figure 9. Lateral forces of steady-state and transient China hat wind load model
图 11 车轮多边形对轮轨垂向力的影响
Figure 11. Influences of wheel polygon on wheel-rail vertical forces
图 12 不同模型与磨耗下的最大轮轨垂向力
Figure 12. Maximum wheel-rail vertical forces under different models and wears
图 19 不同风速下车速对安全指标的影响
Figure 19. Influences of vehicle speed on safety index under different wind speeds
图 20 不同地震强度下车速对安全指标的影响
Figure 20. Influences of vehicle speed on safety indexes under different earthquake intensities
表 1 实际轨道与试验台轨道参数
Table 1. Parameters of actual track and bench orbit
参数 轨道原型 缩尺试验台 钢轨单位质量/(kg·m-1) 60.0 22.3 钢轨截面惯性/10-6m 32.17 3.39 轨下胶垫刚度/(107N·m-1) 4.57~17.30 1.00 轨下胶垫阻尼/(103N·s·m-1) 75 7 轨枕质量/kg 125 12 道床刚度/(107N·m-1) 11.6~28.1 2.0 道床阻尼/(103N·s·m-1) 58.8~60.0 6.0 道床参振质量/kg 500~600 60 路基刚度/(107N·m-1) 5.5~22.6 4.0 路基阻尼/(107N·s·m-1) 31.75~100.00 7.0 
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