钢轨波磨研究进展

朱海燕; 袁遥; 肖乾; 黎洁; 郑宇轩

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.03.006

钢轨波磨研究进展

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.03.006

朱海燕^{1, 2,},
袁遥^{1, 2},
肖乾^{1, 2},
黎洁^{1, 2},
郑宇轩^{1, 2}

1.
华东交通大学机电与车辆工程学院，江西南昌 330013
2.
华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室，江西南昌 330013

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51665015

江西省自然科学基金项目 20202ACBL204008

牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题 TPL2007

江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目 GJJ190308

江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目 GJJ190333

江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目 GJJ200614

详细信息

作者简介:
朱海燕(1975-)，男，江西新干人，华东交通大学副教授，工学博士，从事车辆系统动力学与疲劳强度研究

中图分类号: U211.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-25
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-27
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-27

Research progress on rail corrugation

ZHU Hai-yan^{1, 2
,},
YUAN Yao^{1, 2},
XIAO Qian^{1, 2},
LI Jie^{1, 2},
ZHENG Yu-xuan^{1, 2}

1.
School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51665015

Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province 20202ACBL204008

Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power TPL2007

Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Education Department GJJ190308

Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Education Department GJJ190333

Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Education Department GJJ200614

More Information

Author Bio:
ZHU Hai-yan(1975-), male, associate professor, PhD, zhupetrelcao@163.com

摘要

摘要: 为了解轨道车辆运营中普遍存在的钢轨波磨问题，分析了钢轨波磨的形成机理，阐述了钢轨波磨对车辆-轨道系统动力学性能的影响，综述了常见的钢轨波磨检测、监测与抑制方法，并展望了钢轨波磨的研究方向。研究结果表明：车辆-轨道系统耦合振动、轮轨反馈振动、轮轨自激振动和轮轨接触振动是形成钢轨波磨的主因，车辆-轨道结构、线路运营条件、轮轨材料、钢轨型面和车轮踏面轮廓等多方面因素相互耦合作用亦会引起钢轨波磨；重载、高速铁路和地铁钢轨波磨会影响车辆-轨道系统动力学性能和车辆与轨道零部件寿命，也会影响扣件、钢轨、轨枕、轨道板(道砟)和轴箱等零部件的振动特性，各零部件的阻尼、刚度等物理参数与运行条件不匹配时也会造成钢轨波磨，列车长时间运行在钢轨波磨路段时会导致车辆-轨道结构产生强烈共振，造成严重疲劳损伤，影响行车安全；检测与监测是研究和发现钢轨波磨的重要辅助手段，抑制钢轨波磨主要通过改善轮轨接触关系、钢轨打磨、提高钢轨表面材料硬度、添加相关摩擦调节剂和轮轨润滑剂、使用钢轨吸振器技术、优化轮轨系统结构以及调整列车运营规定等措施来实现；目前，钢轨打磨仍是消除和减轻钢轨波磨最直接、最有效和最经济的措施，应提升并改善钢轨打磨技术。
- 钢轨波磨 /
- 动力学 /
- 机理 /
- 钢轨打磨 /
- 抑制措施
Abstract: To understand the rail corrugation problem commonly observed in the operation of rail vehicles, its formation mechanism was analyzed. The influence of rail corrugation on the dynamics performance of vehicle-track system was investigated. The common methods for the detection, monitoring, and suppression of rail corrugation were reviewed. In addition, the future research directions of rail corrugation were proposed. Research results show that the coupled vibration, wheel-rail feedback vibration, wheel-rail self-excited vibration, and wheel-rail contact vibration of vehicle-track system are the main causes of rail corrugation. In addition, the coupling of various factors, such as vehicle-track structure, operating condition of line, wheel-rail material, rail profile, and wheel tread profile, also cause the rail corrugation. Heavy load and the corrugations of high-speed railway and metro rail affect the dynamics performance of vehicle-track system and the lifes of vehicle and track components. The vibration characteristics of components, such as the fastener, rail, sleeper, track plate (ballast), and axle box, are also affected. Rail corrugation is also caused when the physical parameters, such as the damping and stiffness of each component, do not match the operating conditions. When a train runs on the corrugated section of a rail for a long time, the rail corrugation causes strong resonance of the vehicle-track structure and leads to severe fatigue damage, affecting the driving safety. The detection and monitoring on the rail corrugation are important auxiliary methods for the research and discovery of rail corrugation. The suppression of rail corrugation is mainly achieved through the measures such as improving the wheel-rail contact relationship, rail grinding, increasing the hardness of rail surface material, adding the related friction adjusters and wheel-rail lubricants, using the rail vibration absorber technology, optimizing the wheel-rail system structure, and adjusting the train operational regulation. At present, rail grinding is still the most direct, effective, and economical measure to eliminate and reduce rail corrugation. Therefore, rail grinding technology should be upgraded and improved. 3 tabs, 14 figs, 103 refs.
- rail corrugation /
- dynamics /
- mechanism /
- rail grinding /
- suppression measure

HTML全文

图 1 高速铁路线路钢轨波磨

Figure 1. Rail corrugation in high-speed railway line

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图 2 钢轨波磨基本反馈机制

Figure 2. Basic feedback mechanism of rail corrugation

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图 3 单轮对曲线通过轮轨接触示意

Figure 3. Schematic of single wheelset curve through wheel-rail contact

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图 4 蠕滑力特性曲线

Figure 4. Creep force characteristic curve

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图 5 各阶固有频率

Figure 5. Natural frequencies of each order

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图 6 不同速度下加速度仿真峰值、波长与波幅之间关系

Figure 6. Relationships among simulated peak acceleration, wavelength and amplitude under different speeds

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图 7 不同速度下主频率、波长和波幅之间关系

Figure 7. Relationships among dominant frequency, wavelength and amplitude under different speeds

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图 8 不同速度工况下钢轨波磨波长与振动频率关系

Figure 8. Relationships between wavelength and vibration frequency of rail corrugation under different speeds

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图 9 钢轨打磨前后轨道零部件振动加速度均方根变化

Figure 9. Root mean square variations of vibration accelerations of rail components before and after rail grinding

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图 10 轨道结构对列车振动加速度有效值的影响

Figure 10. Influence of track structure on effective value of train vibration acceleration

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图 11 不同速度特征频率统计

Figure 11. Statistics of characteristic frequencies of different speeds

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图 12 各测点随打磨次数的角度变化

Figure 12. Angle variations for each measuring point with number of grinding

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图 13 钢轨裂纹和波磨扩展机制

Figure 13. Propagation mechanisms of rail crack and corrugation

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图 14 钢轨波磨现象应对策略

Figure 14. Coping strategies for rail corrugation phenomenon

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表 1 按固定波长机理和损伤机理分类钢轨波磨

Table 1. Classifications of rail corrugations according to fixed wavelength mechanism and damage mechanism

类型	固定波长机理	损伤机理	发生地点	频率/Hz
响轨	Pinned-Pinned共振	磨耗	直线、曲线、高轨	400~1200
车辙	驱动轮对二阶扭转共振	磨耗	曲线	250~400
P2力共振	P2力共振	磨耗	直线、曲线高轨	50~100
重载	P2力共振	波谷塑性流动	直线、曲线	50~100
轻轨	P2力共振	塑性弯曲	直线、曲线	50~100
轨道形式	轨道共振	磨耗	直线、曲线

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表 2 钢轨波磨成因理论分类

Table 2. Theoretical classification of rail corrugation causes

波磨成因理论	分类
动力类	轮轨接触共振理论(共振、反馈)
	轮轨垂向共振理论(共振、反馈)
	轮对振动	轮对横向振动理论(共振、自激)
		轮对弯曲振动理论(自激、反馈)
		轮对扭转振动理论(自激、反馈)
	磨耗功波动理论(自激、反馈、共振)
	声波效应理论(共振)
非动力类	钢轨冶金性能理论
	残余应力理论
	不均匀磨损及锈蚀理论
	不均匀塑流理论接触疲劳理论
	应力极限理论
	轮轨廓形匹配理论

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表 3 钢轨波磨的影响因素和抑制措施

Table 3. Influencing factors and suppression measures of rail corrugation

线路条件	曲线半径	轨道阻尼	轨道刚度		外轨超高
车辆结构	轮对轴刚度	一系悬挂	轮缘摩擦系数		轴重
其他影响	轮轨接触面特性		运营条件
抑制措施	减小轨道	不平顺加大轨道弹性，提高轨道阻尼		适当降低曲线外轨超高
	钢轨倒换	钢轨打磨		提高钢轨材质强度及耐磨性
	增大轮对轴刚度	增大一系悬挂阻尼		适当控制涂油润滑

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