Polyurethane concrete overlay and its applicability for airport pavement under heavy aircraft loading
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摘要: 为有效延缓机场沥青加铺道面的轮辙和修补水泥道面的表面损害，开展了基于聚氨酯混凝土的机场道面加铺技术及其适用性研究。通过不同养生温度下的力学性能测试，评估了不同时序下的热固特性与不停航施工潜力；基于CT扫描定量分析了聚氨酯混凝土复合试件的孔隙分布特征；联合光纤光栅传感器布设，开展了基于MLS66的70万次全尺寸加速加载试验；通过车辙曲线采集、表面与层间性能测试，分析了聚氨酯混凝土道面车辙变形产生机理与层间破坏模式。研究结果表明：提升养生温度显著加快了聚氨酯胶结料固化速率与混凝土强度形成效率；聚氨酯混凝土具备小体积、高密度的孔隙特征及更优的孔隙球度与紧密度；经70万次轮碾后，聚氨酯胶结料刚性骨架与弹性胶结体系呈现独特的“W”形车辙变形，其高弹性与高交联密度使荷载侧向传递并触发回弹效应；相比纵向应变，其横向应变对车轮载荷更敏感，左右轮车辙直接影响面积分别达963 mm2和771 mm2；其抗滑性能与宏观纹理保留良好，界面黏结强度优于水泥混凝土自身抗剪强度。基于全尺寸加速加载试验的聚氨酯混凝土道面车辙形成机理与动态力学响应特征分析，可为机场道面加铺与不停航施工提供技术支撑。Abstract: To effectively delay rutting in asphalt overlays of airport pavement and surface damage in repaired cement pavement, a study was carried out on airport pavement overlay technology based on polyurethane concrete and its applicability. Mechanical property tests at different curing temperatures were conducted to evaluate thermosetting characteristics and the potential for construction without suspending flight operations at different time stages. The pore distribution characteristics of polyurethane concrete composite specimens were quantitatively analyzed based on CT scanning. A 700 000-cycle full-scale accelerated loading test based on MLS66 was conducted in combination with fiber Bragg grating sensor deployment. Through rutting curve acquisition and surface and interlayer performance tests, the formation mechanism of rutting deformation and the interlayer failure mode of polyurethane concrete pavement were analyzed. Research results indicate that increasing the curing temperature significantly accelerates the curing rate of polyurethane binder and the formation efficiency of concrete strength. Polyurethane concrete has small-volume, high-density pore characteristics and better pore sphericity and compactness. After 700 000 wheel rolling cycles, the rigid skeleton and elastic binder system of polyurethane binder present unique W-shaped rutting deformation, and its high elasticity and high crosslinking density cause lateral load transfer and trigger a rebound effect. Compared with longitudinal strain, its transverse strain is more sensitive to wheel load, and the directly affected areas of the left and right wheel ruts reach 963 mm2 and 771 mm2, respectively. Its skid resistance and macrotexture are well retained, and its interfacial bonding strength is higher than the shear strength of cement concrete itself. Analysis of the rutting formation mechanism and dynamic mechanical response characteristics of polyurethane concrete pavement based on full-scale accelerated loading tests can provide technical support for airport pavement overlay and construction without suspending flight operations.
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图 4 聚氨酯混凝土加铺复合芯样的CT断层扫描与孔隙分布
Figure 4. CT scans and pore distribution of composite samples with polyurethane concrete overlay
图 5 聚氨酯混凝土加铺复合芯样的孔隙分布特征统计
Figure 5. Characteristics statistical of pore distribution in composite samples with polyurethane concrete overlay
图 6 聚氨酯混凝土横截面的车辙变形曲线
Figure 6. Curves of rutting deformation of polyurethane concrete cross section
图 8 聚氨酯混凝土车辙影响面积变化趋势
Figure 8. Changes trend in the affected area of rutting on polyurethane concrete
图 10 左侧车轮总体应变与采集次数关系
Figure 10. Relationship between overall strain of left wheel and number of measurement
图 12 右侧车轮总体应变与采集次数关系
Figure 12. Relationship between overall strain of right wheel and number of measurement
图 14 不同轮载次数下道面摆值、构造深度变化
Figure 14. Variation of BPN value and construction depth with different loading cycles
图 15 不同轮载作用次数后的层间剪切试验结果
Figure 15. Interlayer shear testing results after different numbers of loading cycles
表 1 聚氨酯胶结料固化后的基本性能
Table 1. Basic performance of cured polyurethane binder
试验项目 性能参数 试验规范 拉伸强度（25 ℃）/MPa ≥15 《塑料拉伸性能的测定第1部分：总则》（GB/T 1040.1—2025） 断裂伸长率（25 ℃）/% ≥30 热固性（300 ℃） 不熔化 《道路与桥梁铺装用环氧沥青材料通用技术条件》（GB/T 30598—2014） 吸水率/% ≤0.3 《塑料吸水性的测定》（GB/T 1034—2008） 
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表 2 聚氨酯混凝土粗集料性能
Table 2. Properties of coarse aggregate for polyurethane concrete
试验项目 性能要求 试验方法 表观相对密度/（g·cm-3） ≥2.4 T0304 吸水率/% ≤2.0 T0304 含水率/% ≤0.3 T0305 坚固性/% ≤12 T0340 压碎值/% ≤20 T0316 泥土杂物含量（冲洗法）/% ≤1.0 T0310 针片状颗粒含量/% ≤5.0 T0312 洛杉矶磨耗/% ≤26.0 T0317 磨光值PSV ≥42 T0321
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表 3 聚氨酯混凝土细集料性能
Table 3. Properties of fine aggregate for polyurethane concrete
试验项目 性能要求 试验方法 表观相对密度/（g·cm-3） ≥2.4 T0304 吸水率/% ≤2.0 T0304 含水率/% ≤0.3 T0305 坚固性（大于0.3部分）/% ≤12 T0340
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表 4 聚氨酯混凝土推荐级配
Table 4. Recommended gradation of polyurethane concrete
筛孔孔径/mm 通过率/% 推荐范围/% 13.200 100.0 100 9.500 100.0 95~100 4.750 74.2 60~88 2.360 50.3 41~72 0.600 31.6 15~50 0.300 13.3 6~22 0.150 6.6 3~10 0.075 3.2 0~6
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