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摘要: 为改善砌体柱的受力性能，提出了采用新型超高性能砂浆(UHPM)的砌体柱(UMC)，以烧结砖和混凝土砖为研究对象，分别进行了2组UMC的轴压试验，通过与传统砂浆砌体柱(MC)进行对比，探讨了UMC轴压受力机理与破坏模式，评估了现行规范关于砌体轴压承载力计算公式对UMC的适用性，提出了UMC轴压承载力预测公式。研究结果表明：UMC与MC的受力全过程相似，均经历了裂缝前受力阶段、裂缝开展阶段和破坏阶段；但UMC的初裂荷载远高于MC的初裂荷载，烧结砖与混凝土砖UMC分别为相应MC的2.36倍和2.45倍，且都大于MC的极限荷载；UMC与MC均因砌块破坏而丧失承载力，MC的破坏表现出明显的脆性，裂缝主要发展于砂浆与砌块接触面，而UMC的破坏表现出较好的延性，砌块的压碎程度远大于MC；与MC相比，UMC中砂浆不再是一个薄弱环节，UHPM对砌块的横向变形起约束作用，可显著提高砌体柱的承载力，烧结砖和混凝土砖UMC抗压承载力分别为MC的1.74倍和2.00倍，表明UHPM在砌体结构中的应用具有相当的可行性；采用现行规范中的MC强度计算公式将高估UMC的承载力，提出的UMC强度计算公式同时考虑了砌块的强度与UHPM对砌块约束作用。Abstract: To improve the mechanical properties of masonry columns, a new masonry column with UHPM (UMC) based on the ultra-high performance mortar (UHPM) was proposed. Axial compression test were carried out on two groups of UMC with fired brick and concrete brick. By comparing with the conventional masonry columns (MC), the stress mechanism and failure mode of UMC were discussed. The applicability of formula for calculating the axial compression bearing capacity of masonry columns in the current specification to UMC was evaluated, and the prediction formula for the axial compression bearing capacity of UMC was proposed. Analysis results show that the whole stress process of UMC and MC is similar, which both experience the stress stage before cracking, cracking development stage and failure stage. The initial cracking load of UMC is much higher than that of MC, where, the values of UMC with fired brick and concrete brick are 2.36 and 2.45 times than those of MC, respectively, and both are greater than the ultimate load of MC. Both the UMC and MC lost their bearing capacity due to the block failure. The failure mode of MC shows obvious brittleness, and the cracks mainly develop at the interface between the mortar and the block. However, the failure of UMC shows good ductility, and the crushing degree of block is much larger than that of MC. Compared with MC, mortar in UMC is no longer a weak part, and the UHPM plays a constraint role on the lateral deformation of the block, which can significantly improve the bearing capacity of the masonry column. The compression bearing capacities of UMC with fired brick and concrete brick are 1.74 and 2.00 times that of MC, respectively, indicating that the application of UHPM in masonry structure is quite feasible. The strength calculation formula for MC in the current specification will overestimate the bearing capacity of UMC. The proposed UMC strength calculation formula for UMC takes into account the strength of block and the constraint effect of UHPM on the block. 8 tabs, 9 figs, 25 refs.
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图 3 混凝土砖砌体短柱尺寸(单位：mm)
Figure 3. Dimensions of concrete brick masonry short columns (unit: mm)
图 6 混凝土砖砌体短柱荷载-位移曲线
Figure 6. Load-displacement curves of concrete brick masonry short columns
图 9 混凝土砖砌体短柱应力-应变曲线
Figure 9. Stress-strain curves of concrete brick masonry short columns
表 1 UHPM配合比
Table 1. UHPM mixture ratios
试件 水胶比 水泥 硅灰 闽江河砂 减水剂 烧结砖砌体 0.16 1 0.3 1.2 0.025 混凝土砖砌体 0.14 
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表 2 普通砂浆配合比
Table 2. Conventional mortar mixture ratios
试件 水胶比 水泥 闽江河砂 烧结砖砌体 1.20 1 5.20 混凝土砖砌体 0.91 4.56
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表 3 烧结砖砌体试件主要参数
Table 3. Main parameters of fired brick masonry specimens
试件编号 截面长度/mm 截面宽度/mm 面积/mm2 FB-MC-1 327 232 75 864 FB-MC-2 330 230 75 900 FB-MC-3 328 233 76 424 FB-UMC-1 333 232 77 256 FB-UMC-2 329 229 75 341 FB-UMC-3 332 231 76 692
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表 4 烧结砖、UHPM与普通砂浆的抗压强度
Table 4. Compressive strengths of fired brick, UHPM and conventional mortar
项目 平均抗压强度/MPa 变异系数 烧结砖砌块 7.78 0.044 UHPM 105.00 0.040 普通砂浆 10.93 0.014
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表 5 混凝土砖砌体短柱主要参数
Table 5. Main parameters of concrete brick masonry short columns
试件编号 截面长度/mm 截面宽度/mm 面积/mm2 1/4 1/2 3/4 平均 1/4 1/2 3/4 平均 CB-MC-1 365 366 367 366 240 240 240 240 87 840 CB-MC-2 365 365 365 365 240 240 240 240 87 600 CB-MC-3 368 371 369 369 240 240 240 240 88 560 CB-UMC-1 379 368 367 368 240 241 240 240 88 320 CB-UMC-2 378 375 376 376 255 245 240 245 92 120 CB-UMC-3 372 371 370 371 241 240 240 240 89 040
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表 6 混凝土砖、UHPM与普通砂浆的抗压强度
Table 6. Compressive strengths of concrete brick, UHPM and conventional mortar
项目 平均抗压强度/MPa 变异系数 混凝土砖砌块 24.10 0.089 UHPM 159.92 0.081 普通砂浆 16.00 0.045
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表 7 试件抗压强度试验值
Table 7. Experimental values of compressive strengths of specimens
组别 砂浆类型 试件编号 初裂荷载/kN 极限荷载/kN 初裂荷载/极限荷载 实测强度/MPa 平均值/MPa 第1组 普通砂浆 FB-MC-1 380 739 0.514 9.74 10.60 FB-MC-2 400 847 0.472 11.16 FB-MC-3 370 832 0.444 10.89 超高性能砂浆 FB-UMC-1 700 1 539 0.455 19.92 18.46 FB-UMC-2 930 1 202 0.773 15.96 FB-UMC-3 1 100 1 495 0.736 19.49 第2组 普通砂浆 CB-MC-1 750 1 426 0.526 16.23 15.10 CB-MC-2 700 1 231 0.569 14.07 CB-MC-3 750 1 349 0.556 15.00 超高性能砂浆 CB-UMC-1 1 800 2 719 0.662 30.78 30.37 CB-UMC-2 1 850 2 600 0.712 28.22 CB-UMC-3 1 850 2 858 0.647 32.10
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表 8 UMC抗压强度计算值与实测值的比较
Table 8. Comparison of calculated and measured compressive strengths of UMC
试件编号 砌块强度/MPa 砂浆强度/MPa 实测强度/MPa 计算强度/MPa 实测值与计算值的比值 FB-UMC-1 7.78 105.00 19.90 18.50 1.08 FB-UMC-2 16.00 0.86 FB-UMC-3 19.50 1.05 CB-UMC-1 24.10 159.92 30.80 30.40 1.01 CB-UMC-2 28.20 0.93 CB-UMC-3 32.10 1.06
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