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聚合物改性剂和石油沥青相容性评价方法研究进展

汪海年 郑文华 尤占平 季节 李廉 陈玉

汪海年, 郑文华, 尤占平, 季节, 李廉, 陈玉. 聚合物改性剂和石油沥青相容性评价方法研究进展[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2023, 23(1): 8-26. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.01.002
引用本文: 汪海年, 郑文华, 尤占平, 季节, 李廉, 陈玉. 聚合物改性剂和石油沥青相容性评价方法研究进展[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2023, 23(1): 8-26. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.01.002
WANG Hai-nian, ZHENG Wen-hua, YOU Zhan-ping, JI Jie, LI Lian, CHEN Yu. Research progress on compatibility evaluation methods of polymer modifiers and petroleum asphalts[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2023, 23(1): 8-26. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.01.002
Citation: WANG Hai-nian, ZHENG Wen-hua, YOU Zhan-ping, JI Jie, LI Lian, CHEN Yu. Research progress on compatibility evaluation methods of polymer modifiers and petroleum asphalts[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2023, 23(1): 8-26. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.01.002

聚合物改性剂和石油沥青相容性评价方法研究进展

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.01.002
基金项目: 

国家重点研发计划 2021YFB2601000

国家自然科学基金项目 52078047

国家自然科学基金项目 52078048

详细信息
    作者简介:

    汪海年(1977-),男,江苏涟水人,长安大学教授,工学博士,从事可持续路面材料开发与数值仿真、耐久性交通基础设施智慧建造及运维评估等研究

  • 中图分类号: U414

Research progress on compatibility evaluation methods of polymer modifiers and petroleum asphalts

Funds: 

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFB2601000

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52078047

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52078048

More Information
  • 摘要: 综述了6类聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容性评价方法,即定性观察法、流变学方法、热力学方法、化学分析法、形貌图法和数值模拟法,分析并比较了各种方法的优缺点与适用性,在此基础上针对聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的共混反应类型特点,建议了适宜的相容性评价方法,并展望了未来聚合物改性剂和石油沥青相容性评价的研究方向。研究结果表明:聚合物改性沥青属于黏弹性材料,基于流变学方法的相分离系数对于检测聚合物改性剂与石油沥青之间的差异较为敏感,适于评价两者之间的相容性;单一评价指标不宜准确评价聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容性,建议采用多种分析方法综合评价;对于物理共混的聚合物改性沥青,可以优先采用基于流变学的相分离系数结合形貌图法评价聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容性;对于反应型聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容性评价,建议采用相分离系数和红外光谱法;基于热力学的分子动力学模拟方法可以通过设置适宜的聚合物模型、作用温度等参数从微观角度进一步模拟和阐释聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相互作用机理;未来结合聚合物改性沥青实际储存条件建立Cigar Tube试验储存时间区间范围,在此基础上通过适宜的相容性评价方法,动态连续地评价聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容性。

     

  • 图  1  胶粉与石油沥青作用过程[39]

    Figure  1.  Interaction process of crumb rubber and petroleum asphalt[39]

    图  2  Cigar Tube试验流程

    Figure  2.  Procedure of cigar tube test

    图  3  聚合物改性剂和石油沥青共混体系的Cole-Cole图[59, 69]

    Figure  3.  Cole-Cole diagram of blending system of polymer modifier and petroleum asphalt[59, 69]

    图  4  橡胶沥青在50 ℃下的Cole-Cole图[65]

    Figure  4.  Cole-Cole diagram of rubber asphalt at 50 ℃[65]

    图  5  SBS(3%)改性沥青在不同温度下的Han曲线[70]

    Figure  5.  Han curves of SBS (3%) modified asphalt at different temperatures[70]

    图  6  两聚合物共混物DSC曲线[59, 69]

    Figure  6.  DSC curves of two polymers blends[59, 69]

    图  7  5% PE改性沥青[110]

    Figure  7.  5% PE modified asphalt[110]

    图  8  5% SBS改性沥青[110]

    Figure  8.  5% SBS modified asphalt[110]

    图  9  聚合物改性沥青相态随聚合物掺量的变化[114]

    Figure  9.  Phase state change of polymer modified asphalt with polymer content[114]

    图  10  三种SBS改性沥青的原子力显微镜图[96]

    Figure  10.  AFM images of three SBS modified asphalts[96]

    图  11  三种橡胶沥青模型(深褐色代表沥青质,浅棕色代表环烷芳烃,黄色代表饱和分,灰色代表橡胶粉)[126-127]

    Figure  11.  Three kinds of rubber asphalt models(puce represents asphaltene, light brown represents naphthene aromatic, yellow represents saturate, and grey represents rubber powder)[126-127]

    表  1  聚合物改性沥青相容性定性观察评价

    Table  1.   Qualitative observation and evaluation of compatibility of polymer modified asphalt

    现象 评价
    均匀,无结皮和沉淀 均匀
    在杯边缘有轻微的聚合物结皮 边缘轻微结皮
    在整个表面有薄的聚合物结皮 薄的全面结皮
    在整个表面有厚的聚合物结皮(大于0.8 mm) 厚的全面结皮
    无表面结皮,但容器底部有薄的沉淀 薄的底部沉淀
    无表面结皮,但容器底部有厚的沉淀(大于0.6 mm) 厚的底部沉淀
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同国家标准对软化点差的要求

    Table  2.   Requirements of soften point difference in different national standards

    不同国家标准 软化点差要求/℃
    JTG F40—2004 2.5
    ASTM D5976—1996 2.2
    德国标准 2.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  基于流变学的聚合物改性沥青的相分离系数

    Table  3.   Phase separation coefficients of polymer modified asphalt based on rheology

    公式序号 相分离系数(S)计算公式 符号定义 要求
    (1) $S_1=\frac{G_{\mathrm{t}}^* / \sin \left(\delta_{\mathrm{t}}\right)}{G_{\mathrm{b}}^* / \sin \left(\delta_{\mathrm{b}}\right)}$ Gt*δtGt*/sin(δt)分别为储存管1/3顶部复数剪切模量、相位角与车辙因子;Gb*δbGb*/sin(δb)分别为储存管1/3底部复数剪切模量、相位角与车辙因子 S1为0.8~1.2表示相容性好
    (2) $S_2=\frac{G_{\mathrm{t}}^* / \sin \left(\delta_{\mathrm{t}}\right)}{G_{\mathrm{b}}^* / \sin \left(\delta_{\mathrm{b}}\right)}-1$ S2为-0.2~0.2表示相容性好
    (3) $S_3=\frac{C_{\mathrm{m}}-C_{\mathrm{a}}}{C_{\mathrm{a}}}$ CmCa分别为储存管1/3顶部和底部车辙因子最大值与平均值 S3越小,相容性越好
    (4) $S_4=\frac{J_{\mathrm{t}}-J_{\mathrm{b}}}{J_{\mathrm{a}}}$ JtJb分别为储存管1/3顶部与底部的不可恢复蠕变柔量;JaJm分别为顶部和底部不可恢复蠕变柔量的平均值与最大值 S4越小,相容性越好
    (5) $S_5=\frac{J_{\mathrm{m}}-J_{\mathrm{a}}}{J_{\mathrm{a}}}$ S5越小,相容性越好
    (6) $S_6=\frac{\eta_{\mathrm{b}}-\eta_{\mathrm{t}}}{\eta_0}$ ηbηt分别为储存管1/3底部与顶部的零剪切黏度;η0为未储存改性沥青的零剪切黏度 S6越小,相容性越好
    (7) $S_7=\sum\limits_{T_{\mathrm{a}}}^{T_{\mathrm{f}}}|1-| \frac{\tan \left(\delta_{\mathrm{t}}\right)-\tan \left(\delta_{\mathrm{b}}\right)}{\tan \left(\delta_{\mathrm{t}}\right)} \| / N$ TaTf分别为测试温度区间的起始值与终止值;δtδb分别为储存管1/3顶部与底部的损耗角;N为测试次数 S7越接近1,相容性越好
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  流变学相容性评价方法对比

    Table  4.   Comparison of compatibility evaluation methods based on rheology

    评价方法 优点与适用性 不足
    软化点差法 试验简易,操作简单,适用于聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的物理共混相容性评价 受试验员操作影响较大,不能检测到两相体系在热存储过程中的相态变化
    相分离系数法 基于聚合物改性剂和石油沥青共混物的黏弹特性,定量表征聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容或相分离程度,适用于聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的物理及化学共混相容性评价 目前相分离系数公式较多,且主要是针对某一特定温度计算的相分离系数
    Cole-Cole图法 可表征和预测聚合物改性剂和石油沥青物理共混的相态变化及相分离程度 不能定量计算表征二者相容性及相分离程度
    Han曲线法 可表征聚合物改性剂和石油沥青在某一温度区间的相容性 聚合物改性剂含量较高时,改性剂与石油沥青共混前后与温度的可混溶性略有差异
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  几种石油沥青的溶解度参数

    Table  5.   Solubility parameters of several petroleum asphalts

    石油沥青种类 溶解度参数/(J·ml-3)1/2 参考文献
    克拉玛依-A 11.47 [76]
    壳牌90# 9.98 [77]
    兰炼90# 9.93
    欢喜岭90# 9.69
    中海泰州70# 9.47 [78]
    SK-90# 9.35 [79]
    克炼-90# 9.48
    中海-90# 9.73
    东海-90# 9.88
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  石油沥青四组分的溶解度参数

    Table  6.   Solubility parameters of four fractions of petroleum asphalt

    石油沥青组分 溶解度参数/(J·ml-3)1/2 参考文献
    沥青质 10.93 [80]~[83]
    胶质 10.93
    芳香分 9.15
    饱和分 7.45
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  几种聚合物改性剂的溶解度参数

    Table  7.   Solubility parameters of several polymer modifiers

    聚合物改性剂种类 溶解度参数/(J·ml-3)1/2 参考文献
    SBS 7.20~9.60 [76]
    PE 7.85~8.04 [84]
    EVA 8.10~8.30 [10]、[85]
    聚苯乙烯 9.10 [83]
    聚丁二烯 8.40
    橡胶粉(主要成分为聚苯乙烯丁二烯) 17.80 [82]、[86]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  聚合物改性剂和石油沥青相容性评价方法的综合分析

    Table  8.   Comprehensive analysis of compatibility evaluation methods of polymer modifiers and petroleum asphalts

    序号 评价方法 优点 缺点 适用性
    1 定性观察法 试验简易,操作简单 受人为主观因素影响较大,测试精度低 适用于聚合物改性剂与石油沥青物理共混的相容性评价
    2 流变学方法 聚合物改性沥青属于黏弹性材料,基于流变学测试的Cole-Cole图可以初步预测聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容程度,相分离系数可进一步定量评价其相容性 相分离系数公式较多,针对某一类聚合物改性剂,还没提出更为适宜的计算公式 对聚合物改性剂和石油沥青物理共混和化学反应相容性评价均为适用
    3 热力学方法 从分子极性、溶解度参数等属性角度初步预测聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容性,可以为获取相容性较好的改性沥青的石油沥青配伍性选择提供参考 计算溶解度参数的Hildebrand理论只考虑了分子之间的色散力,没有考虑偶极力、氢键的作用 适用于非极性聚合物共混的相容性评价
    4 化学分析法 从化学反应角度表征聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容性,受人为主观及环境因素影响较小 改性剂和石油沥青中碳、氢等原子及化合物组成及含量较为复杂,例如NMR存在不能敏锐检测和准确表征改性剂与沥青相互作用反应的情况 适用于反应型聚合物改性剂与石油沥青的化学相容性评价
    5 形貌图法 通过沥青中聚合物改性剂的轮廓(尺寸与体积膨胀)和分布等直观表征聚合物改性剂在石油沥青中的分散程度及相结构 测试样品制备较为复杂,试验离散性较大,分析较为定性 适用于聚合物改性剂与石油沥青物理共混相容性评价
    6 数值模拟法 可设置温度等参数从微观角度模拟和预测聚合物改性剂和石油沥青的相容性行为 石油沥青和聚合物改性剂分子模型的建立及参数选取对其共混物相容性评价有较大影响,需要宏观试验验证 适用于聚合物改性剂与石油沥青物理共混相容性评价
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-09-21
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-03-08
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