Design of grounding system of propulsion coils for low-vacuum tube maglev train
Article Text (Baidu Translation)
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摘要: 为研究超高速低真空管道磁悬浮列车推进线圈接地系统及过电压分布特性，建立了包含地面推进线圈、金属低真空管道及分布式接地装置的双端口等值电路模型，结合已发表文献的数据对等值电路模型进行准确性验证，基于该模型分析雷电过电压下推进线圈的电压响应分布特性，从推进线圈接地点数量和纵向接地线与金属低真空管道间绝缘电阻2个维度优化了接地系统设计。分析结果表明：雷击位于推进线圈上时，会引起局部过电压的产生，但是其他位置线圈的过电压会通过接地得到抑制；在2个接地点之间，因与接地点距离变化引起的电压呈现先上升再下降的趋势；金属低真空管道起到避雷带的作用，保证雷击不会直接作用到推进线圈上，同时与推进线圈连接地的纵向接地线和金属低真空管道之间存在绝缘电阻，可以有效保证过电压被抑制到小于1.0；纵向接地线和金属低真空管道间绝缘电阻的阻值显著影响推进线圈的过电压程度，当阻值大于10 kΩ时，可以保证沿线所有的推进线圈过电压小于1.0。因此，可通过对接地点数量以及纵向接地线与金属低真空管道间电阻双参数进行优化配置，实现在保证系统安全性的前提下，降低工程实施成本，为超高速低真空管道磁浮列车的工程化应用提供了理论依据与技术支撑。Abstract: To study the grounding system of propulsion coils and the distribution of overvoltage characteristics for low-vacuum tube maglev train, a dual-port equivalent circuit model including ground propulsion coils, a metal low-vacuum tube, and distributed grounded devices was established. The accuracy of the equivalent circuit model was verified with data from published literature. Based on this model, the voltage response distribution characteristics of propulsion coils under lightning overvoltage were analyzed. The grounding system design was optimized from two dimensions: the number of ground points of propulsion coils as well as the insulation resistance between longitudinal grounded lines and the metal low-vacuum tube. Analysis results show that when lightning strikes the propulsion coils, local overvoltage is induced, but the overvoltage of other propulsion coils is suppressed by grounding. Between two ground points, the voltage changes with the distance from the ground points. The voltage shows a trend of first rising and then falling. The metal low-vacuum tube acts as a lightning protection strip to ensure that lightning cannot strike the propulsion coils directly. Meanwhile, insulation resistance exists between the longitudinal grounded lines (connected to the propulsion coils) and the metal low-vacuum tube, which effectively ensures that the overvoltage is suppressed to less than 1.0. The insulation resistance value between longitudinal grounded lines and the metal low-vacuum tube significantly affects the overvoltage level in propulsion coils. When the resistance value is greater than 10 kΩ, the overvoltage of all propulsion coils along the line can be guaranteed to be less than 1.0. Therefore, the configuration can be optimized with two parameters, namely, the number of ground points and the resistance between longitudinal grounded lines and the metal low-vacuum tube. Thus, the engineering implementation cost can be reduced while ensuring system safety. A theoretical basis and technical support is provided for the engineering application of ultra-high-speed low-vacuum tube maglev trains.
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图 2 低真空管道磁悬浮列车推进线圈供电和接地系统
Figure 2. Propulsion coil and grounding system of the low-vacuum tube maglev train
图 7 由缩比样机延伸到低真空管道的等值电路
Figure 7. Extension equivalent circuit of low-vacuum tube from the scaled prototype
图 8 延伸电路模型与原模型结果对比
Figure 8. Comparison of results of the extended circuit model and the original model
图 9 无金属低真空管道时各线圈电压波形
Figure 9. Voltage waveform of the coils in the absence of the metal low-vacuum tube
图 10 有金属低真空管道时各线圈电压波形
Figure 10. Voltage waveform of the coils in the presence of the metal low-vacuum tube
表 1 缩比推进线圈和雷电波形的电气参数
Table 1. Electrical parameters of the scaled propulsion coil and the lightning wave
参数 符号 数值 线圈电感/mH Lc 0.67 分布电容/pF Cc 215 冲击电阻/Ω Rc 50 对地电容/ pF Cg 50 雷电波形/μs Tf/Tt 0.4/50 雷电幅值/V Vm 50 
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