Vehicle operational characteristics and driving risks in short spacing weaving areas of ultra-high traffic volume expressways
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摘要:
为明确超大流量高速公路短净距立交交织区内车辆运行特征、交通冲突及事故发生风险，选取常虎高速大有园互通-松山湖互通作为研究对象，利用无人机采集短净距立交交织区车辆行驶数据，并结合Data From Sky Viewer视频分析平台对车辆运行状态进行精准跟踪与识别，共获取1 883条车辆轨迹数据；从不同车道维度切入，深入剖析在大流量条件下短净距交织区的车辆运行特征及车辆分合流换道行为特征，得到交织区内冲突分布。研究结果表明：车道间速度特征呈现显著差异，外侧车道因净距压缩形成反喇叭型加速模式(速度均值提升12.3%)，其分流鼻前200 m处速度带宽值激增23%，辅助车道通过“加速-减速”双阶段策略实现效率优化；车头间距分布存在明显车道分异，主线车道负偏态分布显著(0~80 m间距占比不小于75%)，内侧车道危险间距占比达61.1%，而辅助车道高速区危险间距发生率升至71.6%；合/分流车辆呈现差异化换道行为，合流车辆采用短距换道集中于鼻点后200 m，分流车辆则实施长距换道且冲突严重性更高，直行-合流冲突因速度差较大成为主要风险源；基于时空动态特征，提出分流区换道长度应不小于500 m以缓解急刹风险，合流区重点优化加速车道几何参数，确保车辆速度匹配安全汇入。研究成果为短净距交织区安全设计提供了理论依据和技术支撑。
Abstract:To clarify the vehicle operation characteristics, traffic conflicts, and accident occurrence risks in the short spacing interchange weaving areas of ultra-high traffic volume expressways, the Dayouyuan-Songshanhu Interchange of Changping-Humen Expressway was selected as the research object. The vehicle driving data in the short spacing interchange weaving area were collected by unmanned aerial vehicles, and the precise tracking and identification of vehicle operation states were conducted in combination with the Data From Sky Viewer video analysis platform. A total of 1 883 vehicle trajectory data were obtained. From the dimensions of different lanes, the vehicle operation characteristics and diverging and merging vehicle lane-changing behavior characteristics in the short spacing weaving area under ultra-high traffic conditions were deeply analyzed, and the conflict distribution within the weaving area was obtained. The research results indicate that the speed characteristics between lanes present significant differences; the outer lane forms a reverse-trumpet acceleration pattern due to spacing compression (the average speed increases by 12.3%), and the speed bandwidth value at 200 m before its diverging nose surges by 23%; the auxiliary lane achieves efficiency optimization through the "acceleration and deceleration" two-stage strategy; the headway distribution has obvious lane differentiation, and the negative skewness distribution of the main lane is significant (the proportion of 0-80 m spacing is no less than 75%); the proportion of dangerous spacing in the inner lane reaches 61.1%, while the occurrence rate of dangerous spacing in the high-speed area of the auxiliary lane rises to 71.6%; the merging and diverging vehicles present differentiated lane-changing behaviors; the merging vehicles adopt short-distance lane-changing concentrated at 200 m after the nose point, while the diverging vehicles implement long-distance lane-changing, and the conflict severity is higher; the through-merging conflict becomes the main risk source due to the large speed difference. Based on the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics, it is proposed that the lane-changing length in the diverging area should be no less than 500 m to mitigate the sudden braking risk, and the geometric parameters of the acceleration lane in the merging area should be mainly optimized, to ensure that the vehicle speed matches for safe merging. The theoretical basis and technical support are provided for the safety design of the short spacing weaving area.
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图 4 短净距交织段速度特征值分布
Figure 4. Speed bandwidth distribution of short spacing weaving section
图 5 短净距交织段加速度峰值谷值位置分布
Figure 5. Position distribution of peak and valley value of longitudinal acceleration in short spacing weaving section
图 6 短净距立交交织段车头间距频数分布
Figure 6. Headway frequency distribution in short spacing weaving interchange
图 7 短净距立交交织段车头间距箱型分布
Figure 7. Headway box plot distribution in short spacing weaving interchange
图 8 短净距立交交织段相对速度分布
Figure 8. Relative velocity distribution of weaving section of short spacing interchange
图 11 分合流车辆轨迹及换道位置分布
Figure 11. Distribution of trajectories and lane-changing locations for diverging and merging vehicles
图 14 交织区交通冲突空间分布
Figure 14. Spatial distribution of traffic conflicts in weaving areas
表 1 DFS软件识别部分结果
Table 1. Partial results identified by DFS software
车辆ID 车辆类型 纬度/(°) 经度/(°) 速度/(km·h-1) 横向加速度/(m·s-2) 纵向加速度/(m·s-2) 55 小客车 800 772.2 2 534 312 68.48 723 1.036 775 -0.064 190 70 铰接车 800 730.8 2 534 314 48.651 54 0.216 373 0.286 555 503 大货车 800 520.7 2 534 316 47.084 58 -0.525 657 1.748 823 
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表 2 车头间距特征分位值
Table 2. Characteristic quantile value of headway distance
m 车辆位置 均值 5%分位 15%分位 25%分位 50%分位 75%分位 85%分位 95%分位 内侧车道 62.98 14.06 20.11 25.45 41.23 75.05 113.40 186.75 中间车道 69.78 13.09 19.85 26.14 48.14 92.88 128.43 198.25 外侧车道 51.92 8.57 13.52 17.26 30.49 61.36 95.46 173.22 辅助车道 83.21 11.02 18.31 25.56 50.91 115.12 163.60 261.54
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