面向新一代航运系统的软件定义智能船舶航行控制进展

马勇; 王雯琦; 韩梦茹; 赵玉蛟; 严新平

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.209

面向新一代航运系统的软件定义智能船舶航行控制进展

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.209

马勇^{1, 2, 3,},
王雯琦^{1, 2, 3},
韩梦茹^{1, 2, 3},
赵玉蛟⁴,
严新平^{1, 5, 6, ,}

1.
武汉理工大学水路交通控制全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430063
2.
武汉理工大学航运学院, 湖北武汉 430063
3.
国家水运安全工程技术研究中心, 湖北武汉 430063
4.
济南大学信息科学与工程学院, 山东济南 250022
5.
武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心, 湖北武汉 430063
6.
武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院, 湖北武汉 430063

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2023YFB4302300

国家自然科学基金项目 52261160383

湖北省重点研发计划项目 2024BCB099

详细信息

作者简介:
马勇(1983-)，男，湖北枣阳人，教授，博士生导师，工学博士，E-mail: myongdl@whut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
严新平(1959-)，男，江西莲花人，中国工程院院士，博士生导师，工学博士，E-mail: xpyan@whut.edu.cn

中图分类号: U664.82
计量
- 文章访问数: 52
- HTML全文浏览量: 23
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-30
- 录用日期: 2026-01-23
- 修回日期: 2025-12-14
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-28

Progress in software-defined intelligent ship navigation control for the new generation of waterborne transportation system

MA Yong^{1, 2, 3
,},
WANG Wen-qi^{1, 2, 3},
HAN Meng-ru^{1, 2, 3},
ZHAO Yu-jiao⁴,
YAN Xin-ping^{1, 5, 6
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
2.
School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
3.
National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
4.
School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
5.
Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
6.
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China

Funds:

National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFB4302300

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52261160383

Key R&D Program of Hubei Province 2024BCB099

More Information

Corresponding author: YAN Xin-ping, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, PhD, E-mail: xpyan@whut.edu.cn

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 为应对新一代航运系统与智能船舶发展需求，综述了软件定义技术以及软件定义理念下船舶智能航行控制发展现状，构建了一种中央集中式的软件定义智能船舶航行控制架构，设计了由用户端、云控端、船舶端、岸基端以及应用层、控制层、设备层组成的“四端三层”体系结构，将智能船舶航行控制承担的决策与控制功能迁移至部署在云控端或本地服务器的软件模块中，实现了控制功能的软件化、模块化与服务化部署。结果表明：该架构具有显著优势，在系统层面，具备高度的结构灵活性、可重构性与可扩展性，大幅减少了系统的维护成本；在功能层面，支持控制算法的快速迭代、在线升级与按需部署；在操作层面，能够支持辅助驾驶、远程遥控与自主航行等多种控制模式的灵活切换；无人船艇智能航行控制系统案例验证了该架构能够有效支持从基础到复杂的航行任务，展现出在高精度控制、可扩展编队协同与网络弹性防御方面的综合实力。软件定义智能船舶航行控制提供了一种开放、智能且可持续演进的航行控制新范式，可为实现“岸基驾控为主、船端值守为辅”的新一代航运系统提供关键支撑。
- 新一代航运系统 /
- 智能船舶 /
- 综述 /
- 软件定义 /
- 智能航行控制 /
- 中央集中式架构
Abstract: To meet the development needs of the new generation of waterborne transportation systems and intelligent ships, the current status of software-defined technology and its application in intelligent ship navigation control were reviewed. A centralized software-defined intelligent ship navigation control architecture was constructed, featuring a four-end, three-layer structure, composed of user, cloud-control, ship, and shore-based terminals, as well as application, control, and device layers. This architecture migrates decision-making and control functions to software modules deployed on a cloud-control terminal or a local server, thus enabling software-based, modular, and service-oriented implementation of these functions. The results indicate that this architecture offers significant advantages. At the system level, the architecture achieves high structural flexibility, reconfigurability, and scalability, which substantially reduce system maintenance costs. At the functional level, the architecture supports rapid iteration of control algorithms, online upgrades, and on-demand deployment. At the operational level, the architecture supports flexible switching among multiple control modes, including assisted driving, remote control, and autonomous navigation. A case study of an intelligent navigation control system for an unmanned surface vehicle validated the architecture's ability to effectively support navigation tasks ranging from basic to complex, demonstrating comprehensive capabilities in high-precision control, scalable formation collaboration, and network-resilience defense. The proposed software-defined intelligent ship navigation control framework provides an open, intelligent, and sustainably evolving paradigm, offering critical support for a new-generation shipping system to realize an operating model where shore-based control serves as the primary mode, supplemented by onboard watchkeeping.
- new generation of waterborne transportation system /
- intelligent ship /
- review /
- software definition /
- intelligent navigation control /
- centralized architecture

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图 1 软件定义应用领域

Figure 1. Software definition application field

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图 2 SDN体系结构

Figure 2. SDN architecture

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图 3 智能船舶EEA演进路线

Figure 3. Evolutionary road for EEA of intelligent ships

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图 4 基于中央集中式EEA的软件定义智能船舶航行控制架构

Figure 4. Software-defined intelligent ship navigation control architecture based on centralized EEA

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图 5 基于中央集中式EEA的软件定义智能船舶航行控制功能域划分

Figure 5. Software-defined intelligent ship navigation control functional domain division based on centralized EEA

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图 6 船舶航行实时通信网络

Figure 6. Real-time communication network for ship navigation

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图 7 船舶全行程智能航行示意

Figure 7. Intelligent navigation schematic for the entire voyage of ships

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图 8 船舶智能航行控制流程

Figure 8. Control flow of ship intelligent navigation

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图 9 硬件架构：传统航行控制系统与软件定义智能航行控制系统对比

Figure 9. Hardware architecture: Comparison between traditional navigation control system and software-defined intelligent navigation control system

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图 10 软件定义智能船舶航行控制试验平台架构

Figure 10. Architecture of the software-defined intelligent ship navigation control test platform

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图 11 单船性能测试结果

Figure 11. Test results of a single ship performance

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图 12 多船编队控制测试结果

Figure 12. Test results of multi-ship formation control

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图 13 网络化控制测试结果

Figure 13. Test results of networked control

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表 1 软件定义应用领域、场景及特征

Table 1. Application fields, scenarios and features of software definition

应用领域	场景	特征
软件定义网络	数据中心网络、5G/边缘计算	控制与转发分离，开放可编程
软件定义卫星	载荷卫星、高通量卫星	开放系统架构
软件定义装备	雷达、无人装备、舰载通信系统	功能软件化，系统可重构
软件定义汽车	智能座舱、自动驾驶、车联网	硬件与软件解耦，算力与通信集中化，服务可订阅/升级
软件定义城市	智慧交通管理、智能电网	城市资源虚拟化与池化，管理集中化与决策数据化

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表 2 船舶智能航行等级划分

Table 2. Classification of intelligent navigation levels for ships

自主等级	定义	控制	监视	失效应对
L1	具有自动化工程与决策支持的船舶	人与系统	人	人
L2	有船员值守，远程驾控	系统	人	人
L3	无船员值守，远程驾控	系统	系统	人
L4	完全自主船舶(船舶操作系统能够自主决策与执行)	系统	系统	系统

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表 3 船舶通信特征与应用场景分析

Table 3. Analysis of ship communication characteristics and application scenarios

通信方式	覆盖范围	带宽	延迟	成本	核心用途
WiFi	船内/港口	高	较低	较低	船内局域网组网、靠港大数据转存
VHF	近距离	低	中	低	法定安全通信、AIS数据、船-船避碰协调
4G/LTE	近岸	高	低	中	近岸航行时的视频回传、船员互联网
通信卫星	远海	低	高	高	远洋航行的唯一数据链路

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