Localized correction model for airport aircraft emissions based on operational simulation and its application

The emission and distribution of transportation pollutants are an important basis for transportation system optimization. Given that the actual operating conditions of airports directly affect airport aircraft emissions and that complex interactions exist among various factors, a localized correction model for airport aircraft emissions based on operational simulation was developed to achieve accurate emission quantification. Through the total airspace & airport modeller (TAAM), "multi-scenario-multi-factor" simulation experiments for airport aircraft emissions were conducted to obtain a multivariate dataset of emission parameters including operational time and fuel flow rate. The k-nearest neighbor mutual information algorithm and SHAP model were employed to identify the key factors affecting emissions and to quantify the contribution of each factor to fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Consequently, a localized emission correction parameter set was constructed. Using historical flight data from Fuzhou Changle International Airport, a case study was conducted and a refined emission inventory was established for aircraft at this airport in 2022. Analysis results indicate that atmospheric temperature, surface wind speed and direction, aircraft approach and departure speeds, air traffic control separation, and weather phenomena are the primary factors influencing airport aircraft emissions. During the taxiing phase, HC and CO represent a substantial proportion of total emissions, accounting for 97.4% and 94.2%, respectively. NO_x and PM_2.5 emissions are predominantly observed during the climb and takeoff phases, and the sums of proportions of the two stages are 52.9% and 66.1%, respectively. As altitude increases, emissions of various pollutants generally exhibit a trend of initially rising, followed by a decline, and ultimately stabilizing. The emission peak of HC, CO, SO₂, and PM_2.5 occurs within the altitude range of 200-350 m, whereas that of NO_x and CO₂ occurs within the 300-500 m range. The relative deviation between the calculated results and those based on selected flight onboard real-time recorded data ranges from 0.6% to 1.3%, whereas the relative deviation from the estimation results derived from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) baseline emission model estimation results varies from 11% to 23%. The localized correction model for airport aircraft emissions based on operational simulation can provide technical support for assessing the pollution emission effects of airport operations and formulating scientific emission reduction strategies.