Volume 26 Issue 1
Jan.  2026
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering  > 2026  >  26(1): 132-157
Next Previous
GAO Da-wei, LI Cheng, SHI Gui-jie. Review on structural mechanics performance of MARK Ⅲ cargo containment system for LNG carrier[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2026, 26(1): 132-157. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.056
Citation: GAO Da-wei, LI Cheng, SHI Gui-jie. Review on structural mechanics performance of MARK Ⅲ cargo containment system for LNG carrier[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2026, 26(1): 132-157. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.056
shu

Review on structural mechanics performance of MARK Ⅲ cargo containment system for LNG carrier

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.056
  • 1.

    School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

  • 3.

    Institute of Marine Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52175239

Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality 24ZR1436100

Stable Support Foundation WDZC70202030304

More Information
  • Corresponding author: SHI Gui-jie, senior engineer, PhD, E-mail: sgj2004@sjtu.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 2025-03-15
  • Accepted Date: 2025-09-26
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-09-05
  • Publish Date: 2026-01-28
    Abstract
  • To provide a reference for the research and manufacturing of the cargo containment system (CCS) for liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers, research achievements on the structural mechanics of the MARK Ⅲ CCS were summarized. The structural composition, material application, manufacturing process, testing methods, and theoretical approaches were outlined. From the aspects of standard specimen tests, static mechanical performance, alternating load performance, and impact load performance, research progress related to the MARK Ⅲ cargo containment system was reviewed. The mechanical properties of key components, including the stainless-steel membrane, laminated plywood, insulation foam, and secondary barrier were analyzed. Existing deficiencies in research objects and methods were identified, and suggestions for future research were proposed. It is indicated that static loads, impact loads, and fatigue loads caused by wind and waves during navigation under normal operating conditions can be withstood by the MARK Ⅲ CCS. Brittle fracture failure in stress concentration areas of the CCS may be caused by severe sloshing impact under low-temperature conditions due to cargo leakage. It is indicated that the dynamic characteristics under actual sailing sea conditions are not fully considered in the current drop-weight impact test method. Future work should be focused on the evaluation and transformation of cargo impact loads and on experimental methods for water impact. The MARK Ⅲ CCS is identified as a membrane-type containment system and is characterized by the absence of additional supporting structure. Compared with MOSS-type and SPB-type cargo containment systems, smaller volume and lower mass are achieved, and higher transportation economic efficiency is obtained. Future development of membrane-type CCS should be focused on indicators such as reduced thickness, low mass, integration, and high load-bearing capacity. Existing research on laminated plywood and the secondary barrier is mainly focused on the mechanical properties of standard specimens, lacking real-ship application scenarios under complex loading conditions. Future research should be conducted based on actual ship structures, and the mechanical performance of laminated plywood and the secondary barrier should be tested accordingly. A review of the structural mechanical performance of the MARK Ⅲ CCS is provided, and a reference for future research and the formulation of relevant standards is offered.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(90)
  • [1]
    DEN ELZEN M, FEKETE H, HÖHNE N, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions from current and enhanced policies of China until 2030: Can emissions peak before 2030?[J]. Energy Policy, 2016, 89: 224-236. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2015.11.030
    [2]
    IEA. Energy and air pollution special report: The environmental case for natural gas[R]. Paris: International Energy Agency, 2016.
    [3]
    YIN Y W, LAM J S L. Bottlenecks of LNG supply chain in energy transition: A case study of China using system dynamics simulation[J]. Energy, 2022, 250: 123803. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123803
    [4]
    Oxford Energy. What drives international gas prices in competitive markets? Four fallacies and a hypothesis[R]. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2024.
    [5]
    YAN Z J, YANG G H, HE R, et al. "Ship-port-country" multi-dimensional research on the fine analysis of China's LNG trade[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2023, 110: 103619. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103619
    [6]
    HYEON S K, MIN S C, JAE M L, et al. A comparative evaluation of fatigue and fracture characteristics of structural components of liquefied natural gas carrier insulation system[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2013, 135(2): 021405. doi: 10.1115/1.4007473
    [7]
    FERNÁNDEZ I A, GÓMEZ M R, GÓMEZ J R, et al. Review of propulsion systems on LNG carriers[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 67: 1395-1411. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.095
    [8]
    YIN L, JU Y L. Review on the design and optimization of BOG re-liquefaction process in LNG ship[J]. Energy, 2022, 244: 123065. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.123065
    [9]
    LI T T, HE X, GAO P. Analysis of offshore LNG storage and transportation technologies based on patent informatics[J]. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 2021, 5: 100317. doi: 10.1016/j.clet.2021.100317
    [10]
    MURMU S B. Alternatives derived from renewable natural fibre to replace conventional polyurethane rigid foam insulation[J]. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 2022, 8: 100513. doi: 10.1016/j.clet.2022.100513
    [11]
    DIAS F, GHIDAGLIA J M. Slamming: Recent progress in the evaluation of impact pressures[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2018, 50: 243-273. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060121
    [12]
    MALENICA S, DIEBOLD L, KWON S H, et al. Sloshing assessment of the LNG floating units with membrane type containment system where we are?[J]. Marine Structures, 2017, 56: 99-116. doi: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2017.07.004
    [13]
    LIU L S, GUO T, ZHOU Y Y, et al. Review of the design and optimization of BOG re-liquefaction process for LNG carriers[J]. Cryogenics, 2024, 142: 103924. doi: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103924
    [14]
    CUI Lian-de. Evolution history of GTT membrane cargo containment system[J]. China Ship Survey, 2022, (4): 85-88.
    [15]
    LOU Dan-ping, YANG Chun-hua. Technology development trends of LNG carrier[J]. Ship & Boat, 2023, 34(4): 19-27.
    [16]
    FENG Ming, LIU Yan-nian. Status and development trend of LNG tank containment system[J]. Marine Electric & Electronic Engineering, 2021, 41(12): 25-30.
    [17]
    LIU Bi-tao, CAO Lin, WANG Jiang-chao, et al. Construction processing and key technology of containment system of liquid cargo tank of LNG carrier[J]. Ship Engineering, 2023, 45(8): 127-134, 181.
    [18]
    CHEN Zhen-kuan, HE Jian-ping, LI Fang, et al. Study of corrugated membranes welding for MARK Ⅲ liquid cargo containment[J]. Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2023, 39(5): 1-7.
    [19]
    Gaztransport Technigaz. Vessels & land storages on order[R]. Saint-Remy-les-Chevreuse: Gaztransport Technigaz, 2024.
    [20]
    LEE C S, LEE J M. Failure analysis of reinforced polyurethane foam-based LNG insulation structure using damage-coupled finite element analysis[J]. Composite Structures, 2014, 107: 231-245. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.07.044
    [21]
    KIM M H, KIL Y P, LEE J M, et al. Cryogenic fatigue strength assessment for MARK Ⅲ insulation system of LNG carriers[J]. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 2011, 133(4): 041401. doi: 10.1115/1.4003389
    [22]
    BAE J H, HWANG B K, KIM S K, et al. Statistical estimation of extreme sloshing impact pressure and its validation based on dynamic behavior of insulation materials[J]. Functional Composites and Structures, 2020, 2(1): 015001. doi: 10.1088/2631-6331/ab628c
    [23]
    KIM M S, KWON S B, KIM S K, et al. Impact failure analysis of corrugated steel plate in LNG containment cargo system[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2019, 156: 287-301. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.02.008
    [24]
    CHA S J, KIM J D, KIM S K, et al. Effect of temperature on the mechanical performance of plywood used in membrane-type LNG carrier insulation systems[J]. Journal of Wood Science, 2020, 66(1): 28. doi: 10.1186/s10086-020-01875-2
    [25]
    YU Y H, NAM S, LEE D, et al. Cryogenic impact resistance of chopped fiber reinforced polyurethane foam[J]. Composite Structures, 2015, 132: 12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.05.021
    [26]
    JEONG Y J, KIM H T, KIM J H, et al. Analysis of glass fiber reinforced composites in membrane-type LNG cargo containment system for structural safety using experimentally defined mechanical properties[J]. Composite Structures, 2021, 276: 114532. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114532
    [27]
    JEON S G, KIM J H, KIM J D, et al. Impact failure characteristics of LNG carrier cargo containment system[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2023, 240: 107938. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107938
    [28]
    KIM J H, KIM S K, KIM M H, et al. Numerical model to predict deformation of corrugated austenitic stainless steel sheet under cryogenic temperatures for design of liquefied natural gas insulation system[J]. Materials & Design, 2014, 57: 26-39.
    [29]
    BO S, SOO Y. Fatigue life assessment of KC-1 membrane considering the effects of cryogenic temperature and plastic deformation[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2020, 21(5): 905-914. doi: 10.1007/s12541-019-00273-z
    [30]
    SOHN J M, BAE D M, BAE S Y, et al. Nonlinear structural behaviour of membrane-type LNG carrier cargo containment systems under impact pressure loads at -163 ℃[J]. Ships and Offshore Structures, 2017, 12(5): 722-733. doi: 10.1080/17445302.2016.1218111
    [31]
    KIM M S, KIM J H, KIM S K, et al. Experimental investigation of structural response of corrugated steel sheet subjected to repeated impact loading: Performance of LNG cargo containment system[J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(8): 1558. doi: 10.3390/app9081558
    [32]
    KIM J H, PARK D H, LEE C S, et al. Effects of cryogenic thermal cycle and immersion on the mechanical characteristics of phenol-resin bonded plywood[J]. Cryogenics, 2015, 72: 90-102. doi: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.09.007
    [33]
    PARK S B, LEE C S, CHOI S W, et al. Polymeric foams for cryogenic temperature application: Temperature range for non-recovery and brittle-fracture of microstructure[J]. Composite Structures, 2016, 136: 258-269. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.10.002
    [34]
    HAN D S, PARK I B, KIM M H, et al. The effects of glass fiber reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of polyurethane foam[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2010, 24(1): 263-266. doi: 10.1007/s12206-009-1136-3
    [35]
    PARK K B, KIM H T, HER N Y, et al. Variation of mechanical characteristics of polyurethane foam: Effect of test method[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(17): 2672. doi: 10.3390/ma12172672
    [36]
    JEONG Y J, KIM H T, KIM J D, et al. Evaluation of mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced composites depending on length and structural anisotropy[J]. Results in Engineering, 2023, 17: 101000. doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101000
    [37]
    KIM S K, LEE C S, KIM J H, et al. Computational evaluation of resistance of fracture capacity for SUS304L of liquefied natural gas insulation system under cryogenic temperatures using ABAQUS user-defined material subroutine[J]. Materials & Design, 2013, 50: 522-532.
    [38]
    PARK J S, KIM J H, JEONG Y C, et al. Effect of corrugated sheet diameter on structural behavior under cryogenic temperature and hydrodynamic load[J]. Metals, 2022, 12(3): 521. doi: 10.3390/met12030521
    [39]
    JEONG Y J, KIM H T, KIM S K, et al. Evaluation of the pressure-resisting capability of membrane-type corrugated sheet under hydrodynamic load[J]. Thin-walled Structures, 2021, 162: 107388. doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2020.107388
    [40]
    CHUL KIM B, HO YOON S, GIL LEE D. Pressure resistance of the corrugated stainless steel membranes of LNG carriers[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2011, 38(4): 592-608. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.12.013
    [41]
    LEE D, KIM K H, CHOI I, et al. Pressure-resisting capability of the knot area of the primary barrier for a LNG containment system[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2015, 95: 128-133. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.11.021
    [42]
    KIM J M, KIM J H, AHN J H, et al. Synthesis of nanoparticle- enhanced polyurethane foams and evaluation of mechanical characteristics[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 136: 28-38. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.025
    [43]
    OH J H, BAE J H, KIM J H, et al. Effects of Kevlar pulp on the enhancement of cryogenic mechanical properties of polyurethane foam[J]. Polymer Testing, 2019, 80: 106093. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106093
    [44]
    KIM J D, KIM J H, LEE D-H, et al. Synthesis and investigation of cryogenic mechanical properties of chopped-glass-fiber-reinforced polyisocyanurate foam[J]. Materials, 2021, 14(2): 446. doi: 10.3390/ma14020446
    [45]
    CHOI I, YU Y H, LEE D G. Cryogenic sandwich-type insulation board composed of E-glass/epoxy composite and polymeric foams[J]. Composite Structures, 2013, 102: 61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.02.017
    [46]
    PARK K J, KIM J H, KIM S K, et al. Material characteristics of random glass-mat-reinforced thermoplastic under cryogenic thermal cycles[J]. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 2019, 26(1): 270-281. doi: 10.1515/secm-2019-0013
    [47]
    YU Y H, KIM B G, LEE D G. Cryogenic reliability of the sandwich insulation board for LNG ship[J]. Composite Structures, 2013, 95: 547-556. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.07.007
    [48]
    CHUN M S, KIM M H, KIM W S, et al. Experimental investigation on the impact behavior of membrane-type LNG carrier insulation system[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2009, 22(6): 901-907. doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2008.09.011
    [49]
    JEONG H K, YANG Y S. Strength analysis of mark Ⅲ cargo containment system using anisotropic failure criteria[J]. Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering, 2015, 1(4): 211-226. doi: 10.5574/JAROE.2015.1.4.211
    [50]
    HOLMES J, SOMMACAL S, DAS R, et al. Digital image and volume correlation for deformation and damage characterisation of fibre-reinforced composites: A review[J]. Composite Structures, 2023, 315: 116994. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116994
    [51]
    OH D J, LEE J M, CHUN M S, et al. Reliability evaluation of a LNGC insulation system with a metallic secondary barrier[J]. Composite Structures, 2017, 171: 43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.03.040
    [52]
    AHN Y, LEE J, PARK T, et al. Long-term approach for assessment of sloshing loads in LNG carrier, Part Ⅱ: Grouping method[J]. Marine Structures, 2023, 89: 103398. doi: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2023.103398
    [53]
    GRACZYK M, MOAN T. A probabilistic assessment of design sloshing pressure time histories in LNG tanks[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2008, 35(8/9): 834-855.
    [54]
    ZHAO Y C, CHEN H C. Numerical simulation of 3D sloshing flow in partially filled LNG tank using a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2015, 104: 10-30. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.083
    [55]
    LUO M, WANG X, JIN X, et al. Three-dimensional sloshing in a scaled membrane LNG tank under combined roll and pitch excitations[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2020, 211: 107578. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107578
    [56]
    JU H B, JANG B S, YIM K H. Prediction of sloshing pressure and structural response of LNG CCS[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 266: 112298. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112298
    [57]
    JU H B, JANG B S, CHOI J, et al. Structural safety assessment procedure for membrane-type LNG CCS considering hydroelasticity effect[J]. Marine Structures, 2021, 78: 102962. doi: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2021.102962
    [58]
    JIAO J L, ZHAO M M, JIA G Y, et al. SPH simulation of two side-by-side LNG ships' motions coupled with tank sloshing in regular waves[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2024, 297: 117022. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117022
    [59]
    CAO Z X, XUE M A, XU G H, et al. Experimental and numerical study on effects of different excitations and liquid levels on sloshing in a large-scale LNG tank[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2024, 308: 118343. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118343
    [60]
    AHN Y, KIM Y, KIM S Y. Database of model-scale sloshing experiment for LNG tank and application of artificial neural network for sloshing load prediction[J]. Marine Structures, 2019, 66: 66-82. doi: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2019.03.005
    [61]
    LEE D, KIM K H, CHOI I, et al. Dynamic properties of the corrugated stainless steel membrane reinforced with the glass composite pressure resisting structure for LNG carriers[J]. Composite Structures, 2014, 107: 382-388. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.08.014
    [62]
    KIM K H, YOON S H, LEE D G. Vibration isolation of LNG containment systems due to sloshing with glass fiber composite[J]. Composite Structures, 2012, 94(2): 469-476. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.08.008
    [63]
    KIM D H, KIM J H, KIM H T, et al. Evaluation of PVC-type insulation foam material for cryogenic applications[J]. Polymers, 2023, 15(6): 1401. doi: 10.3390/polym15061401
    [64]
    HWANG B K, KIM S K, KIM J H, et al. Dynamic compressive behavior of rigid polyurethane foam with various densities under different temperatures[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2020, 180: 105657. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105657
    [65]
    LEE D J, KIM M K, WALSH J, et al. Experimental characterization of temperature dependent dynamic properties of glass fiber reinforced polyurethane foams[J]. Polymer Testing, 2019, 74: 30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.12.013
    [66]
    EHLERS S, GUIARD M, KUBICZEK J, et al. Experimental and numerical analysis of a membrane cargo containment system for liquefied natural gas[J]. Ships and Offshore Structures, 2017, 12(S1): S257-S267.
    [67]
    BOS R W, DEN BESTEN J H, KAMINSKI M L. A reduced order model for structural response of the Mark Ⅲ LNG cargo containment system[J]. International Shipbuilding Progress, 2020, 66(4): 295-313. doi: 10.3233/ISP-190272
    [68]
    LEE C S, CHO J R, KIM W S, et al. Evaluation of sloshing resistance performance for LNG carrier insulation system based on fluid-structure interaction analysis[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2013, 5(1): 1-20. doi: 10.2478/IJNAOE-2013-0114
    [69]
    BAE J H, HWANG B K, KIM J H, et al. Cumulative damage of hollow glass microsphere weight fraction in polyurethane foam in response to cryogenic temperatures and repeated impact loading[J]. Cryogenics, 2020, 107: 103057. doi: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2020.103057
    [70]
    BOGAERT H, BROSSET L, KAMINSKI M. Interaction between wave impacts and corrugations of Mark Ⅲ Containment System for LNG carriers: Findings from the Sloshel project[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 20th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2010: 32.
    [71]
    BOGAERT H, LEONARD S, MARHEM M, et al. Hydro-structural behaviour of LNG membrane containment systems under breaking wave impacts: Findings from the Sloshel project[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 20th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2010: 98-108.
    [72]
    WANG B, SHIN Y. Full-scale sloshing impact test and coupled fluid-structure FE modeling of LNG containment system[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 19th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2009: 39.
    [73]
    WANG B, SHIN Y. Full-scale test and FE analysis of LNG MK Ⅲ containment system under sloshing loads[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 21st International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2011: 88.
    [74]
    LAFEBER W, BOGAERT H, BROSSET L. Comparison of wave impact tests at large and full scale: Results from the Sloshel project[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 22nd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2012: 374.
    [75]
    BROSSET L, MRAVAK Z, KAMINSKI M, et al. Overview of Sloshel project[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 19th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2009: 115-124.
    [76]
    KAMINSKI M L, BOGAERT H. Full-scale sloshing impact tests[C]//ISOPE. International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2009: 9-36.
    [77]
    KAMINSKI M L, BOGAERT H. Full-scale sloshing impact tests—Part I[J]. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 2010, 20(1): 24.
    [78]
    MAGUIRE JR, WHITWORTH S, OGUIBE CN, et al. Sloshing dynamics-numerical simulations in support of the Sloshel project[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 19th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2009: 428.
    [79]
    BROSSET L, MARHEM M, LAFEBER W, et al. A MARK Ⅲ panel subjected to a flip-through wave impact: Results from the Sloshel project[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 21st International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2011: 29.
    [80]
    MALENICA S, KOROBKIN A A, TEN I, et al. Combined semi-analytical and finite element approach for hydro structure interactions during sloshing impact - "Sloshel project"[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 19th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2009: 143-152.
    [81]
    CHUN M S, SEO Y S, HISASI I, et al. A comparative study on the impact damage of membrane type LNGC cargo containment system[C]//ASME. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Honolulu: ASME, 2009: 255-264.
    [82]
    CHUN S E, HWANG J O, CHUN M S, et al. Direct assessment of structural capacity against sloshing loads using nonlinear dynamic FE analysis including hull structural interactions[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 21st International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2011: 473.
    [83]
    HWANG J O, CHUN S E, JOH K H, et al. Direct assessment of structural capacity against sloshing using dynamic nonlinear FE analysis[C]//ISOPE. Proceedings of the 24th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Cupertino: ISOPE, 2014: 469.
    [84]
    GAO D W, LI C, SHI G J. Impact load capacity assessment of cargo containment system considering various loading area and duration characteristics[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2025, 333: 121471. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.121471
    [85]
    LIN Wen-hu, HUA Xue-ming, WU Yi-xiong, et al. Reviews of the cargo containment systems of large scale LNG carriers and the welding of related low temperature metals[J]. Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, 2014, 1(2): 160-165.
    [86]
    LUO Jing-hua, CHEN Chun-jian, WEI Wei. Design evolution of NO96 membrane cargo containment system for LNG vessels[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute, 2024, 47(2): 14-20.
    [87]
    YOUN I H, KIM S C. Preventive maintenance topic models for LNG containment systems of LNG marine carriers using dock specifications[J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(6): 1202. doi: 10.3390/app9061202
    [88]
    ABDELMALEK M, GUEDES SOARES C. Review of risk analysis studies in the maritime LNG sector[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2023, 22(4): 693-715. doi: 10.1007/s11804-023-00376-0
    [89]
    AMMAR N R. Environmental and cost-effectiveness comparison of dual fuel propulsion options for emissions reduction onboard lng carriers[J]. Brodogradnja, 2019, 70(3): 61-77. doi: 10.21278/brod70304
    [90]
    GONZÁLEZ G C, SUÁREZ D L F S, BONELLO J M, et al. An empirical analysis on the operational profile of liquefied natural gas carriers with steam propulsion plants[J]. Journal of Navigation, 2021, 74(2): 273-292. doi: 10.1017/S0373463320000612
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By

Catalog

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (345) PDF downloads(13) Cited by()
    Related

    Copyright《Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering》编辑部陕ICP备05001904号-1

    Address ：Editorial Department of Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Section of South 2nd Ring Road, Xi'an, China（710064） Tel：029-82334388 Email：jygc@chd.edu.cn

    All visit:Today's visit:

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return