| Citation: | ZHANG Xin, MAO Jing. Multilayer network-based resilience evaluation for China-Europe container sea-rail intermodal transport systems[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2026, 26(9): 233-245. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.072
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A resilience evaluation model from a multilayer network perspective was proposed to quantitatively analyze the resilience evolution law of the sea-rail intermodal transport system under different disturbance scenarios and recovery strategies. Based on real-world data of trains and shipping routes, a China-Europe sea-rail intermodal container transport network was constructed. Connectivity and transport efficiency were employed as evaluation indicators of system resilience, and a resilience simulation model considering different node recovery timings and recovery priorities was developed to simulate the resilience evolution law of the China-Europe sea-rail intermodal network. Heterogeneous influences of different disturbance scenarios on system resilience were revealed. Without recovery strategies, the network exhibits weak interference resistance under targeted attacks, and failures of a few critical hub nodes cause substantial decline in overall efficiency, with the network's resilience indicators lower than those of dedicated rail or sea networks. Under random failures, the network demonstrates strong interference resistance, with resilience indicators exceeding 0.8. Implementing recovery strategies significantly enhances the disturbance resistance of the network. However, a critical threshold exists for recovery timing. When the recovery timing of the failed node exceeds this threshold, system recovery costs increase exponentially and overall recovery time extends significantly. Distinct recovery strategies yield differential effects. Under targeted attacks, prioritizing node recovery based on degree centrality provides the greatest system resilience improvement, while prioritizing node recovery based on betweenness centrality achieves the lowest recovery cost intensity. The findings reveal the resilience evolution law of the China-Europe sea-rail intermodal transport network and provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the resilience of intermodal transport systems under emergencies and disasters.
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