Volume 26 Issue 2
Feb.  2026
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CHENG Long, WANG Yu-xuan, XIAO Guang-han, ZHANG Ming-ye, YANG Min. Optimization method of customized bus feeder routes at comprehensive transport hubs under ride-hailing collaboration[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2026, 26(2): 125-139. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.146
Citation: CHENG Long, WANG Yu-xuan, XIAO Guang-han, ZHANG Ming-ye, YANG Min. Optimization method of customized bus feeder routes at comprehensive transport hubs under ride-hailing collaboration[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2026, 26(2): 125-139. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.146
shu

Optimization method of customized bus feeder routes at comprehensive transport hubs under ride-hailing collaboration

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.146
  • 1.

    Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Comprehensive Transportation Theory (Nanjing Modern Multimodal Transportation Laboratory), Nanjing 211135, Jiangsu, China

Funds:

Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 52432011

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 52372301

Youth Student Basic Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China 524B2153

More Information
  • Corresponding author: YANG Min, professor, PhD, E-mail: yangmin@seu.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 2025-07-31
  • Accepted Date: 2026-01-04
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-12-30
  • Publish Date: 2026-02-28
    Abstract
  • A ride-hailing coordinated customized bus feeder service mode for comprehensive passenger transport hubs was proposed. The minimization problem of total system cost under the coordination of customized buses, ride-hailing services, and passengers was studied. Influencing factors including the distribution of passenger feeder travel demand, spatial connectivity of bus routes, time scheduling, passenger flow assignment, and walking accessibility were considered. An optimization model for customized bus feeder routes under ride-hailing collaboration was established. An embedded optimization algorithm based on large neighborhood search was proposed. The mixed-integer linear programming model was embedded into the large neighborhood search framework. Global optimization of customized bus feeder routes was achieved through a three-step strategy consisting of perturbation, repair, and exact optimization. An empirical study was conducted with Nanjing Lukou International Airport as a case. The costs and operational performance under the coordinated service mode and single service modes were systematically evaluated. The results show that the proposed model can effectively satisfy passengers' main feeder travel demand and significantly reduce the total cost of the feeder system. Compared with the single ride-hailing mode and the single customized bus mode, the optimized total cost of the feeder system decreases by 40.7% and 18.8%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows that the improvement of customized bus operating speed has a more significant impact on the total system cost than ride-hailing speed. The total system cost shows slightly higher sensitivity to changes in ride-hailing fare than to customized bus fares. Passenger travel cost is the main factor influencing changes in total system cost. When the acceptable walking distance for passengers is 700 m, the total system cost reaches the minimum value. Algorithm comparison results indicate that the embedded optimization algorithm based on large neighborhood search is superior to genetic algorithms, simulated annealing algorithms, ant colony algorithms, and traditional large neighborhood search algorithms in both the number of iterations and solution quality. The embedded optimization algorithm further reduces the total system cost by 9.6% to 12.6%.

     

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