Dynamic safety separation calculation method for low-altitude logistics UAVs considering wind disturbance effects

When low-altitude logistics unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operate in complex wind field environments, wind disturbance significantly affects flight trajectories, making traditional fixed safety separation methods difficult to meet actual operational requirements. Therefore, a dynamic safety separation calculation method considering wind disturbance effects was proposed. A wind disturbance attitude angle coupling model was established. By analyzing the influence mechanism of wind speed on UAV attitude angles, the coupling relationships of yaw angle, pitch angle, and roll angle with wind speed components were derived. A position deviation prediction model under wind disturbance was constructed. Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial measurement unit data were employed for parameter fitting to establish quantitative relationships of lateral, longitudinal, and vertical position deviations with wind speed. A dynamic safety separation calculation method was proposed to dynamically adjust horizontal and vertical safety separations according to real-time wind field information and flight parameters. The result shows that the standard deviations of lateral, longitudinal, and vertical position deviations are 0.88, 1.32, and 0.91 m, respectively, with all model prediction errors within 1.5 m. Under the same traffic flow conditions, compared with the traditional fixed separation methods, the dynamic safety separation calculation method reduces the number of potential conflicts by approximately 37% while maintaining a safety margin above 95%. This method can effectively respond to the impact of wind disturbance on UAV flight trajectories, significantly improving the operational safety and airspace utilization efficiency of low-altitude logistics UAVs. It can provide theoretical support for trajectory planning, conflict detection, and airspace management.