基于离散事件模拟沥青路面施工对环境的影响

摘要: 为了降低沥青路面施工过程中能耗及温室气体和污染物排放, 建立了基于离散事件模拟的沥青路面施工环境影响计算模型, 利用概率分布函数和逻辑语句将施工步骤抽象化, 应用图形化离散事件模拟软件构建了沥青路面施工离散事件模型, 将Nonroad计算模型植入, 进行了不同温室气体和污染物的动态计算, 并对比了不同施工情况的模拟排放结果。分析结果表明: 运料车将沥青混合料运输至摊铺现场的过程为沥青路面施工的主要能耗源, 为总能耗的44%, 摊铺过程与运料车返回过程的能源消耗分别为总能耗的32%、12%;温室气体与污染物排放的主要施工步骤为运输和摊铺过程, 占排放总量的50%以上; 摊铺与压实过程产生的排放物主要为NO_x, 运输过程产生的排放物主要为CO₂; 对施工工艺进行调整, 使用不间断摊铺施工会明显减少NO_x的排放, 减排量约为15%;在施工设备方面, 适当增大摊铺设备的容量会减少CO₂和HC的排放, 前者减排量约为25%, 后者约为17%。可见, 基于离散事件模拟沥青路面施工环境影响计算模型, 可量化沥青路面施工过程的能耗及温室气体和污染物排放, 优化沥青路面施工技术方案。
- 道路工程 /
- 沥青路面施工 /
- 环境影响 /
- 能耗 /
- 离散事件模拟 /
- 污染物排放
Abstract: To lower energy consumption, greenhouse gases (GHGs) production, and pollutant emission in the asphalt pavement construction process, a calculation model of the environmental impact of asphalt pavement construction, based on discrete event simulation (DES), was established. The construction steps were abstracted by using the probability distribution function and a logical statement. The discrete event model of asphalt pavement construction was built by using agraphical DES software. The Nonroad calculation model was implemented to perform the dynamic calculation of the amount of different GHGs and pollutants, and the simulation emission results of different construction conditions were compared. Analysis result shows that the transportation of asphalt mixture to the paving site by trucks is the main energy consumption source in the asphalt pavement construction process, accounting for 44% of the total energy consumption. The energy consumption of the paving and truck-returning processes respectively account for 32%and 12% of the total energy consumption. The primary construction steps that lead to the emission of GHGs and pollutants are the transportation and paving processes, accounting for more than 50% of the total emissions. NO_x and CO₂ are the main emissions in the paving and compaction processes, and the transportation process, respectively. To optimize construction technology, the application of continuous paving construction can remarkably reduce the emissions of NO_x by approximately 15%. Considering construction equipment, an appropriate increase in the capacity of paving equipment can reduce the emissions of CO₂ and HC by approximately 25%and 17%, respectively. This shows that the developed environmental impact calculation model of asphalt pavement construction based on DES can quantify the energy consumptions and emissions of GHGs and air pollutants of asphalt pavement construction, and optimize the construction scheme.
- road engineering /
- asphalt pavement construction /
- environmental impact /
- energy consumption /
- discrete event simulation /
- pollutant emission

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图 1 沥青路面施工流程

Figure 1. Construction process of asphalt pavement

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图 2 路面施工离散事件模型

Figure 2. Discrete event model of pavement construction

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图 3 施工步骤能耗模拟结果

Figure 3. Energy consumption simulation results of construction steps

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图 4 GHGs和污染物相对含量模拟结果

Figure 4. Simulation results of relative contents of GHGs and pollutants

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图 5 施工步骤GHGs和污染物排放模拟结果

Figure 5. Simulation results of GHGs and pollutant emissions in construction steps

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图 6 施工设备GHGs和污染物排放模拟结果

Figure 6. Simulation results of GHGs and pollutant emissions from construction equipments

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图 7 改进后路面施工离散事件模型

Figure 7. Discrete event model of improved pavement construction

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图 8 改进前后能耗模拟结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of simulation results for energy consumption before and after improvement

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图 9 改进前后GHGs和污染物排放模拟结果对比

Figure 9. Comparison of simulation results for GHGs and pollutant emissions before and after improvement

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图 10 改进前后CO₂排放模拟结果对比

Figure 10. Comparison of simulation results for CO₂ emission before and after improvement

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图 11 改进前后NO_x排放模拟结果对比

Figure 11. Comparison of simulation results for NO_xemission before and after improvement

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图 12 施工设备改进前后能耗模拟结果对比

Figure 12. Comparison of simulation results for energy consumption before and after improvement of construction equipment

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图 13 施工设备改进前后GHGs和污染物排放模拟结果对比

Figure 13. Comparison of simulation results for GHGs and pollutant emissions before and after improvement of construction equipment

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表 1 施工设备参数

Table 1. Parameters of construction equipments

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表 2 施工设备Nonroad排放参数

Table 2. Nonroad emission parameters of construction equipments

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表 3 基本事件的连接情况

Table 3. Connection cases for basic events

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表 4 施工步骤持续时间与载荷系数

Table 4. Durations and load coefficients of construction steps

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表 5 改进后施工设备Nonroad排放参数

Table 5. Nonroad emission parameters of construction equipments after improvement

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