Effect of blade tip clearance on waterjet propulsion hydrodynamic performance
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摘要: 分别以设计参数相同的混流式喷水推进泵与轴流式喷水推进泵为对象, 基于剪切应力运输湍流模型、隐式多网格耦合算法与全结构化网格, 对4种不同叶顶间隙的水力性能进行数值模拟, 分析了叶顶间隙对喷水推进水力性能的影响, 研究了叶顶间隙影响程度与喷水推进器类型的关系。研究结果表明: 2种喷水推进泵的扬程、效率均随叶顶间隙增大而减小; 随着叶顶间隙的增大, 混流泵消耗功率先增大后减小, 当叶顶间隙为1.3mm时消耗功率最大, 而轴流泵消耗功率单调减小; 混流泵叶顶间隙变化引起的喷泵效率改变量不受流量影响, 而轴流泵效率变化量随流量增大而增大, 以较大叶顶间隙为基准, 且叶顶间隙变化量相同时, 混流泵效率变化较大, 轴流泵效率变化较小; 混流泵与轴流泵性能存在差异的主要原因是外形结构不同导致间隙涡对叶顶间隙泄流的作用大小不同; 当叶顶间隙由0.7mm增大至1.6mm时, 2种喷水推进器推力效率变化量在1%以内; 随着叶顶间隙的增大, 2种喷水推进器消耗功率的变化趋势与喷水推进泵相同, 且轴流式喷水推进器总推力、功率变化幅值大于混流式, 即混流式喷水推进器对叶顶间隙变化的适应性更好。Abstract: Mixed-flow and axial-flow waterjet pumps with the same design parameters were selected as objects respectively. The hydrodynamic performances of mixed-flow and axial-flow waterjet pumps with four blade tip clearances were numerically simulated based on the shear stress transport turbulence model, implicit multi grid coupling algorithm and all structured grids. The effect of blade tip clearance on the hydrodynamic performance of waterjet propulsion was analyzed, and the relationship between the influence degrees of blade tip clearance and waterjet type was researched. Analysis result indicates that the head and efficiency of two types of pumps both decrease with the increase of blade tip clearance. The power consumption of mixed-flow waterjet pump first increases and then decreases with the increase of blade tip clearance. When the blade tip clearance is 1.3 mm, the power consumption is maximum. But the consumption of axial-flow waterjet pump monotonously decreases. The pump efficiency change due to the change of blade tip clearance of mixed-flow waterjet pump is not affected by mass flow, while that of axial-flow pump increases with the increase of mass flow. When the larger blade tip clearance isused as the reference, the same variation of blade tip clearance makes the efficiency of mixed-flow pump change larger, while the efficiency of axial-flow pump is opposite. The main reason resulting in the hydrodynamic difference between mixed-flow and axial-flow waterjet pumps is the different tip vortex effects on tip clearance leakage flow caused by the structure geometry. When the blade tip clearance increases from 0.7 mm to 1.6 mm, the thrust efficiencies of two types of waterjet propulsions change within 1%. When the blade tip clearance increases, the power consumptions of two types of waterjets show the same trend with waterjet pumps. The total thrust and power of axial-flow waterjet change larger than the values of mixed-flow waterjet, which means the mixed-flow waterjet is more adaptable to the change of blade tip clearance than axial-flow waterjet.
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图 3 混流泵轴面尺寸与三维几何模型
Figure 3. Axial plane dimensions and 3Dgeometry model of mixed-flow pump
图 4 轴流泵轴面尺寸与三维几何模型
Figure 4. Axial plane dimensions and 3Dgeometry model of axial-flow pump
图 5 混流泵网格无关性验证曲线
Figure 5. Curves of mixed-flow pump for mesh independence verification
图 6 轴流泵网格无关性验证曲线
Figure 6. Curves of axial-flow pump for mesh independence verification
图 19 混流泵99%叶片半径表面压力分布
Figure 19. Pressure distributions at 99%span radius of mixed-flow pump blade
图 31 喷水推进器数值模拟计算域
Figure 31. Numerical simulation computational domain of waterjet propulsion
图 33 两种喷水推进器流量对比曲线
Figure 33. Comparison curves of mass flow of 2 waterjets propulsions
图 36 两种喷水推进器的泵效率对比曲线
Figure 36. Comparison curves of pump efficiency of2waterjet propulsions
图 37 两种喷水推进器总推力对比曲线
Figure 37. Comparison curves of total thrust of2waterjet propulsions
图 38 两种喷水推进器进水流道推力对比曲线
Figure 38. Comparison curves of inlet duct thrust of2waterjet propulsions
图 39 两种喷水推进器喷口出流轴向分量对比曲线
Figure 39. Comparison curves of nozzle outflow axial component of 2waterjet propulsions
图 40 两种喷水推进器推力效率对比曲线
Figure 40. Comparison curves of thrust efficiency of2waterjet propulsions
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