Depot locations for emergency bridging buses in urban rail transit
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摘要: 为合理设置突发事件下轨道交通应急接驳公交蓄车点, 以接驳起始点为圆心, 以轨道交通运营恢复时间为半径, 构造了接驳需求点反向覆盖应急接驳公交供给点的覆盖结构; 根据接驳公交是否在预定发车时刻前到达接驳点, 提出了接驳需求和乘客等待时间延误的计算方法, 建立了以应急接驳乘客等待时间总延误最小为目标函数的反向集合覆盖选址模型, 并进行求解; 以具体轨道交通应急接驳公交蓄车点选址规划为例, 对比分析了不同预设蓄车点数约束条件下的选址方案。研究结果表明: 每种选址方案下的乘客等待时间总延误均随预设蓄车点数的增加而减少, 当预设蓄车点数为5时, 目标函数达到最小; 蓄车点位置分布受接驳起始点位置和接驳需求量的影响, 当预设蓄车点数为2时, 蓄车点选址结果具有向需求较大的城市中心区域聚拢的倾向, 当预设蓄车点数为5时, 蓄车点选址结果逐渐覆盖郊区; 考虑突发事件影响权重后, 蓄车点位置向突发事件发生频率较高的接驳起始点靠拢, 从而形成了均衡配置在城市中心区域内外部的蓄车点选址布局模式; 反向集合覆盖选址模型通过主动搜寻供给的方式, 能够在最小化应急接驳乘客等待时间总延误的条件下, 体现预设蓄车点数、接驳起始点客流量分布以及突发事件影响权重对应急接驳公交蓄车点选址结果的影响。Abstract: In order to reasonably set up the emergency bridging bus depots for urban rail transit under sudden incident, the bridging starting point was taken as the center of the circle, the operation recovery time of rail transit was taken as the radius, the bridging demand point reversely covered the emergency bridging bus supply point, and a cover structure was constructed. According to whether the bridging bus arrived at the bridging point before the scheduled departure time, the calculation methods of bridging demand and passenger waiting time delay were put forward. The reverse set coverage location model with an objective function of the minimum passenger total waiting time delay was established and solved. Taking a specific depot location for emergency bridging bus in rail transit as an example, the depot location schemes under differentnumbers of preset depots were analyzed and compared. Research result shows that the passenger total waiting time delay decreases with the increase of the number of preset depots. The objective function reaches the minimum when the number of preset depots is five. The depot location distribution is affected by the location of bridging starting point and bridging demand. When the number of preset depots is two, the depot location tends to gather at the center of the city. The depot locations tend to cover the suburb when the number of preset depots is five. After considering the impact of sudden incident weight, the depot location is close to the bridging point with high sudden incident frequency. Then, a balanced bus depot configuration inside and outside the center of the city can be formed. The reverse set coverage location model can minimize the passenger total waiting time delay of emergency bridging bus by active seeking supply, and can reflect the influences of the number of preset depots, passenger flow distribution of bridging starting point and sudden incident weight at the depot location for emergency bridging bus.
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Key words:
- rail transit /
- emergency bridging bus /
- depot location /
- reverse set cover /
- bridging delay
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图 4 城市轨道交通网络与应急接驳公交蓄车点备选地址
Figure 4. Urban rail transit network and alternative depot locations for emergency bridging buses
表 2 不同预设蓄车点数下应急接驳公交蓄车点选址与乘客等待时间总延误
Table 2. Depot locations of emergency bridging buses and passenger total waiting time delays with different numbers of preset depots
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表 3 考虑突发事件影响权重的应急接驳公交蓄车点选址和乘客等待时间总延误
Table 3. Depot locations of emergency bridging buses and passenger total waiting time delays on consideration of sudden incident weights
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