Theoretical model and calculation of static leakage for train air tightness
Article Text (Baidu Translation)
-
摘要: 基于一维等熵流动理论推导了列车气密性静态泄漏状态方程, 考虑泄漏孔流量系数, 得到了压降泄漏时间和总泄漏时间计算公式; 数值模拟了列车气密性静态泄漏的动态过程, 并研究了长细比分别为1∶1、1∶4、1∶8和1∶16, 车内初始气压分别为6、5、4和3 kPa时, 泄漏孔长细比和车内初始气压对列车气密性的影响。分析结果表明: 在车内空气压力从3.0 kPa下降到0.8 kPa的过程中, 数值仿真和理论公式计算得到的压降时间分别为20.25、20.23 s, 与试验结果的相对误差分别为1.41%和1.51%;当泄漏孔长细比为1∶8和1∶16时, 列车车厢内空气压力下降时程曲线基本一致, 泄漏孔气流流量保持不变; 泄漏过程中泄漏孔的气流速度呈现中间大周围小的分布特征, 这是由泄漏孔壁面的黏滞作用引起的; 根据出口截面的中心速度和质量流率得到泄漏孔流量系数为0.71, 车内初始气压对相同指定压力下降时间的影响不足1%;若压降范围一致, 随着初始气压的增大, 压降时间减小, 压力从4 kPa下降到1 kPa的时间为24.18 s, 从5 kPa下降到2 kPa的时间为19.80 s; 数值仿真得到的压降泄漏时间与理论计算结果的最大相对误差为1.22%, 表明理论模型与数值仿真计算方法可以用于计算列车泄漏面积或气密性。Abstract: Based on the one-dimensional isentropic flow theory, the state equations of static leakage for the train air tightness were derived. The calculation formulas for the leakage time of pressure drop and the total leakage time were obtained considering the flow coefficient of leakage hole. The dynamic process of static leakage for the train air tightness was numerically simulated. The effects of slenderness ratio of leakage hole and the initial air pressure inside the car body on the train air tightness were studied when the slenderness ratios are 1∶1, 1∶4, 1∶8, and 1∶16, and the initial air pressures inside the car body are 6, 5, 4, and 3 kPa, respectively. Analysis result shows that the pressure drop times calculated by the numerical simulation and the theoretical formula are 20.25, 20.23 s, respectively, when the air pressure inside the car body drops from 3.0 kPa to 0.8 kPa, and the relative errors between them and the experimental results are 1.41% and 1.51%, respectively. When the slenderness ratios of leakage hole are 1∶8 and 1∶16, the time history curves of air pressure drop inside the car body are basically the same, and the air flow rate of leakage hole remains unchanged. During the leakage process, the air flow velocity of leakage hole shows the distribution characteristics of large in the middle and small around. This is caused by the viscous effect of leakage hole wall surface. According to the central velocity and mass flow rate at the outlet section, the flow coefficient of leakage hole is 0.71. The effect of initial air pressure inside the car body on the same specified pressure drop time is less than 1%. If the pressure drop range is the same, the pressure drop time decreases with the increase of initial air pressure, the time for the pressure to drop from 4 kPa to 1 kPa is 24.18 s, and the time for the pressure to drop from 5 kPa to 2 kPa is 19.80 s. The maximum relative error between the results of numerical simulation and the theoretical calculation is 1.22%, indicating that the theoretical model and numerical simulation calculation method can be applied to calculate the leakage area or the air tightness of train.
-
图 2 车厢气密性静态泄漏模型计算区域
Figure 2. Computational domain of static leakage model for car body air tightness
图 4 数值仿真、理论计算和试验结果对比
Figure 4. Comparison among numerical simulation, theoretical calculation and experimental results
图 5 不同泄漏孔长细比下车内压力变化趋势
Figure 5. Variation trends of pressure inside car body for different slenderness ratios of leakage hole
图 6 不同长细比下泄漏孔中心速度和质量流率
Figure 6. Central velocities and mass flow rates of leakage holes with different slenderness ratios
图 7 不同长细比下泄漏孔的流量系数
Figure 7. Flow coefficients of leakage holes with different slenderness ratios
图 8 不同长细比下泄漏孔中心断面速度分布云图
Figure 8. Velocity distribution contours at central section of leakage holes with different slenderness ratios
图 9 不同车内初始气压下的泄漏曲线
Figure 9. Leakage curves under different initial pressures inside car body
表 1 不同网格得到的计算结果
Table 1. Calculated results obtained by different grids
网格编号 基础尺寸/mm 网格数/104 泄漏孔中心速度/(m·s-1) 泄漏时间/s 1 65 356.2 18.72 40.15 2 56 506.5 19.48 41.40 3 50 674.1 19.67 41.45 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 理论计算和数值仿真泄漏时间对比
Table 2. Comparison on leakage times between theoretical calculation and numerical simulation
计算方法 不同指定气压(kPa)下的泄漏时间/s 6→3 5→2 4→1 3→0 初始气压为3 kPa 41.40 初始气压为4 kPa 24.13 41.46 初始气压为5 kPa 19.78 24.16 41.50 初始气压为6 kPa 17.23 19.80 24.18 41.57 EN 14752—2005 29.72 公式(15) 17.36 19.89 24.20 41.91
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 王前选, 胡哲龙, 梁习锋, 等. 轨道车辆内部压力与车体气密性、外部压力的关系[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2018, 18(4): 103-111. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2018.04.011WANG Qian-xuan, HU Zhe-long, LIANG Xi-feng, et al. Relationship among internal pressure, body air tightness and external pressure of rail vehicle[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2018, 18(4): 103-111. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2018.04.011 [2] 徐威. 高速列车气密性与人体安全标准研究[J]. 铁道车辆, 1995, 33(10): 32-34. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDCL510.008.htmXU Wei. Study on air tightness and human safety standards of high-speed trains[J]. Rolling Stock, 1995, 33(10): 32-34. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDCL510.008.htm [3] 张光鹏, 雷波, 李琼. 磁浮列车气密性能对隧道净空面积的影响[J]. 铁道学报, 2005, 27(2): 126-129. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2005.02.023ZHANG Guang-peng, LEI Bo, LI Qiong. Influence of maglev train sealing characters on the tunnel cross-section area[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2005, 27(2): 126-129. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2005.02.023 [4] 钱立新. 速度350 km·h-1等级世界高速列车技术发展综述[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2007, 28(4): 66-72. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-4632.2007.04.013QIAN Li-xin. Summary of the technical development of high-speed train with the speed of 350 km·h-1 in the world[J]. China Railway Science, 2007, 28(4): 66-72. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-4632.2007.04.013 [5] 王前选, 梁习锋, 任鑫. 列车高速通过隧道时车内压力波模拟试验研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 45(5): 1699-1704. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201405044.htmWANG Qian-xuan, LIANG Xi-feng, REN Xin. Experimental research on simulation of interior pressure of train passing through tunnel at high speed[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2014, 45(5): 1699-1704. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201405044.htm [6] 王悦新, 张畬, 钟世航. 高速列车通过隧道时产生的瞬变压力场和舒适度标准[J]. 铁道建筑, 1994(1): 10-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDJZ401.004.htmWANG Yue-xin, ZHANG She, ZHONG Shi-hang. Transient pressure field and comfort standards for high-speed trains passing through tunnels[J]. Railway Engineering, 1994(1): 10-12. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDJZ401.004.htm [7] 苏晓峰, 程建峰, 韩增盛. 高速列车气密性研究综述[J]. 铁道车辆, 2004, 42(5): 16-19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7602.2004.05.005SU Xiao-feng, CHENG Jian-feng, HAN Zeng-sheng. Survey on research of air tightness of high-speed trains[J]. Rolling Stock, 2004, 42(5): 16-19. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7602.2004.05.005 [8] JO Y D, AHN B J. Analysis of hazard areas associated with high-pressure natural-gas pipelines[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2002, 15(3): 179-188. doi: 10.1016/S0950-4230(02)00007-4 [9] OKE A, MAHGEREFTEH H, ECONOMOU I, et al. A transient outflow model for pipeline puncture[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2003, 58(20): 4591-4604. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2509(03)00338-5 [10] 闫兵, 董大伟, 华春蓉, 等. 利用曲轴扭振相位特性诊断机车柴油机气缸气密性的新方法[J]. 铁道学报, 2003, 25(5): 19-23. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2003.05.004YAN Bing, DONG Da-wei, HUA Chun-rong, et al. A new diagnosis method of individual cylinder gas leakage by phase analysis of crankshaft torsional vibration[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2003, 25(5): 19-23. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2003.05.004 [11] 张津津, 马朝永, 白果, 等. 差压检测法在汽车制动主缸气密性检测中的应用[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2007(5): 116-118. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2007.05.049ZHANG Jin-jin, MA Chao-yong, BAI Guo, et al. Differential pressure method applying on air tightness for brake master cylinder of automobile[J]. Machinery Design and Manufacture, 2007(5): 116-118. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2007.05.049 [12] 李玉洁, 梅元贵. 动车组车辆气密性指标的初步探讨[J]. 铁道机车车辆, 2009, 29(2): 31-35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7842.2009.02.008LI Yu-jie, MEI Yuan-gui. Primary discussion about pressure tightness of electric multiple units[J]. Railway Locomotive and Car, 2009, 29(2): 31-35. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7842.2009.02.008 [13] 李国清, 李明, 郭伟, 等. 高速综合检测列车头车气密性评估[J]. 机车电传动, 2012(3): 45-48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-128X.2012.03.013LI Guo-qing, LI Ming, GUO Wei, et al. Leading car air tightness assessment of high-speed inspection train[J]. Electric Drive for Locomotives, 2012(3): 45-48. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-128X.2012.03.013 [14] KWON H B, YUN S H, NAM S W. Numerical simulation of pressure change inside cabin of a train passing through a tunnel[J]. Journal of Computational Fluids Engineering, 2012, 17(1): 23-28. doi: 10.6112/kscfe.2012.17.1.023 [15] KWON H B. A study on the minimum cross-sectional area of high-speed railway tunnel satisfying passenger ear discomfort criteria[J]. Journal of Computational Fluids Engineering, 2015, 20(3): 62-69. doi: 10.6112/kscfe.2015.20.3.62 [16] 刘冬雪, 蒋雅男, 杨明智. 加减速时地铁列车隧道气动性能研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2018, 15(1): 178-187. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7029.2018.01.025LIU Dong-xue, JIANG Ya-nan, YANG Ming-zhi. Study on tunnel aerodynamic of subway train during acceleration[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2018, 15(1): 178-187. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7029.2018.01.025 [17] 邵焕霞, 梅元贵, 周朝晖. 高速空调客车通过隧道时车内压力波数值方法初探[J]. 铁道机车车辆, 2006, 26(1): 31-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7842.2006.01.009SHAO Huan-xia, MEI Yuan-gui, ZHOU Chao-hui. Study on numerical simulation of pressure changes inside high-speed air-conditioned train passing through tunnels[J]. Railway Locomotive and Car, 2006, 26(1): 31-33. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7842.2006.01.009 [18] 梅元贵, 孙建成, 许建林, 等. 高速列车隧道交会压力波特性[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2015, 15(5): 34-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2015.05.005MEI Yuan-gui, SUN Jian-cheng, XU Jian-lin, et al. Crossing pressure wave characteristics of high-speed trains in tunne[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2015, 15(5): 34-43. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2015.05.005 [19] 张光鹏, 雷波. 计算高速列车车内压力的热力学模型[J]. 铁道学报, 2006, 28(1): 35-38. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2006.01.008ZHANG Guang-peng, LEI Bo. The thermal dynamics model for calculating the interior pressure of high-speed trains[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2006, 28(1): 35-38. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2006.01.008 [20] 许良中, 梁习锋, 刘堂红, 等. 单车明线工况下高速列车室内压力波动研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 45(8): 2878-2884. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201408047.htmXU Liang-zhong, LIANG Xi-feng, LIU Tang-hong, et al. Pressure variation test inside full-scale high-speed train running in open area[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2014, 45(8): 2878-2884. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201408047.htm [21] SUN Zhen-xu, YANG Guo-wei, ZHU Lan. Study on the critical diameter of the subway tunnel based on the pressure variation[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2014, 57(10): 2037-2043. doi: 10.1007/s11431-014-5664-4 [22] 陈春俊, 聂锡成, 唐猛. 车外空气压力作用下的CRH2型动车组车内空气压力传递函数模型[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2013, 34(4): 84-88. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2013.04.14CHEN Chun-jun, NIE Xi-cheng, TANG Meng. Transfer function model of the air pressure inside CRH2 EMU under outside air pressure[J]. China Railway Science, 2013, 34(4): 84-88. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2013.04.14 [23] 张方涛, 李文彪, 李兵. 动车组气密性技术探讨[J]. 铁道机车车辆, 2015, 35(6): 44-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDJC201506013.htmZHANG Fang-tao, LI Wen-biao, LI Bing. Technical discussion of the EMU air tightness[J]. Railway Locomotive and Car, 2015, 35(6): 44-46. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDJC201506013.htm [24] 彭光正, 纪春华, 葛楠. 气密性检测技术现状及发展趋势[J]. 机床与液压, 2008, 36(11): 172-174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2008.11.059PENG Guang-zheng, JI Chun-hua, GE Nan. Current status and future development of air tightness detection technique[J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulics, 2008, 36(11): 172-174. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2008.11.059 [25] 李文夏, 徐世东. 高速动车组和客车气密性技术与标准[J]. 铁道技术监督, 2013, 41(5): 10-12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9178.2013.05.004LI Wen-xia, XU Shi-dong. Air tightness technology and standard of high-speed multiple unit and passenger car[J]. Railway Quality Control, 2013, 41(5): 10-12. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9178.2013.05.004 [26] 王悦明. 铁路客车空气压力密封性问题[J]. 铁道机车车辆, 2000, 20(4): 4-7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7842.2000.04.002WANG Yue-ming. Problem about the railway coach airproof[J]. Railway Locomotive and Car, 2000, 20(4): 4-7. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7842.2000.04.002 [27] 刘和平, 刘然, 刘殿海, 等. 超声波泄漏检测技术在高速动车组气密性方面的应用研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2016(11): 59-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2016.11.015LIU He-ping, LIU Ran, LIU Dian-hai, et al. Application of ultrasonic leak detection on the air tightness testing of high speed EMU[J]. Machinery Design and Manufacture, 2016(11): 59-62. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2016.11.015 [28] 周俊超, 贺竹林, 韩龙. 高速列车气密性检测试验台测控系统的研究与实现[J]. 自动化技术与应用, 2015, 34(6): 64-66. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDHJ201506015.htmZHOU Jun-chao, HE Zhu-lin, HAN Long. Research and implementation on the control system for high-speed train air tightness[J]. Techniques of Automation and Applications, 2015, 34(6): 64-66. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDHJ201506015.htm [29] 尹法伟, 陈兴刚, 高兴华. 动车组气密性试验装置的研制[J]. 铁道车辆, 2014, 52(7): 35-36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7602.2014.07.015YIN Fa-wei, CHEN Xing-gang, GAO Xing-hua. Research of EMU tightness test device[J]. Rolling Stock, 2014, 52(7): 35-36. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7602.2014.07.015 [30] LI Tian, HEMIDA H, ZHANG Ji-ye, et al. Comparisons of shear stress transport and detached eddy simulations of the flow around trains[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2018, 140(11): 111108-1-12. doi: 10.1115/1.4040672 [31] LI Tian, QIN Deng, ZHANG Ji-ye. Effect of RANS turbulence model on aerodynamic behavior of trains in crosswind[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 32: 85. doi: 10.1186/s10033-019-0402-2 [32] LI Tian, ZHANG Ji-ye, MOHAMMAD R, et al. On the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modelling of the flow around a simplified train in crosswinds[J]. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 2019, 12(2): 551-563. -
点击查看大图
图(9) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 926
- HTML全文浏览量: 262
- PDF下载量: 277
- 被引次数: 0
