Effect of moisture absorption of adhesive and CFRP on the failure of composite material adhesive joints
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摘要: 对胶粘剂和复合材料的影响进行解耦；采用常温环境分别对胶粘剂、碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)和CFRP/铝合金粘接接头进行不同时间周期的浸泡，研究了不同应力状态对粘接接头失效的影响；以准静态失效测试的失效强度和失效模式分析为主，结合傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析、差示扫描量热法分析和扫描电子显微镜分析，分别研究胶粘剂和CFRP吸湿后的失效机理，揭示了吸湿对复合材料粘接接头失效的影响机理。分析结果表明：胶粘剂在吸湿30 d后发生了水解，失效强度下降约53.7%，失效应变约为原来的3.2倍；CFRP吸湿后表面粘附性降低，容易引起界面失效，但打磨之后能够得到改善，CFRP吸湿后纤维/基体界面力学性能降低，在正应力状态下更容易造成纤维撕裂；CFRP/铝合金粘接接头的失效强度在吸湿30 d后下降了约23%，失效断面中胶粘剂出现了韧性断裂和界面失效；通过对胶粘剂、CFRP和CFRP/铝合金粘接接头吸湿后的失效分析，发现剪应力状态下的CFRP/铝合金粘接接头失效主要受胶粘剂吸湿后的性能下降影响，其次是界面失效的影响，而正应力状态下的CFRP/铝合金粘接接头失效还受CFRP性能下降造成的纤维撕裂影响。Abstract: The effects of adhesive and composite materials were decoupled. Adhesive, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), and CFRP/aluminum alloy adhesive joints were immersed in water at room temperature for different durations, and the effect of different stress states on the failure of adhesive joints was investigated. Analysis of the failure strength and failure mode of the quasi-static failure test was the main method, combined with the chemical analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The failure mechanisms of adhesive and CFRP after moisture absorption were studied, and the effect of moisture absorption on the failure mechanism of composite material adhesive joints was revealed. Analysis results show that the adhesive is hydrolyzed after 30 d moisture absorption, the failure strength decreases by approximately 53.7%, and the failure strain is approximately 3.2 times of the adhesive without moisture absorption. Interface failure of CFRP occurs because of the decrease in the adhesivity after moisture absorption, but it improves after polishing. The mechanical properties of the fiber/matrix interface decreases after moisture absorption, which caused the fiber tear of CFRP to be subjected to a normal stress state. The failure strength of CFRP/aluminum alloy adhesive joints decreases by approximately 23%, and ductile fracture and interface failure of the fracture surface of the adhesive occurs after moisture absorption for 30 d. Through the failure analysis of adhesive, CFRP, and CFRP/aluminum alloy adhesive joints after moisture absorption, it's determined that the failure of CFRP/aluminum alloy adhesive joints under shear stress is mainly affected by the performance reduction of the adhesive after moisture absorption, and the interface failure is the secondary cause. The failure of CFRP/aluminum alloy adhesive joints under normal stress is also influenced by the fiber tear of the CFRP owing to the performance reduction. 3 tabs, 20 figs, 30 refs.
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Key words:
- automotive engineering /
- adhesive /
- CFRP /
- adhesive joint /
- moisture absorption /
- failure /
- decouple
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图 8 常温浸泡前后的胶粘剂FTIR结果
Figure 8. FTIR results of adhesive before and after immersed at room temperature
图 9 常温浸泡前后的胶粘剂DSC结果
Figure 9. DSC results of adhesive before and after immersed at room temperature
图 10 常温浸泡前后哑铃试件典型应力-应变曲线
Figure 10. Representative stress-strain curves of bulk specimens before and after immersed at room temperature
图 11 常温浸泡前后CFRP的FTIR结果
Figure 11. FTIR results of CFRP before and after immersed at room temperature
图 12 常温浸泡前后CFRP的DSC结果
Figure 12. DSC results of CFRP before and after immersed at room temperature
图 13 吸湿后CFRP剪切接头和对接接头的失效强度
Figure 13. Failure strengths of CFRP shear and butt joints after moisture absorption
图 14 吸湿后CFRP剪切接头的典型失效断面
Figure 14. Representative fracture surfaces of CFRP shear joints after moisture absorption
图 15 吸湿后CFRP对接接头的典型失效断面
Figure 15. Representative fracture surfaces of CFRP butt joints after moisture absorption
图 17 CFRP/铝合金粘接接头吸湿后的失效强度
Figure 17. Failure strengths of CFRP/aluminium alloy adhesive joints after moisture absorption
图 18 CFRP/铝合金剪切接头吸湿后的典型失效断面
Figure 18. Representative fracture surfaces of CFRP/aluminium alloy shear joints after moisture absorption
图 19 CFRP/铝合金对接接头吸湿后的典型失效断面
Figure 19. Representative fracture surfaces of CFRP/aluminium alloy butt joints after moisture absorption
图 20 SEM下的粘接接头失效断面边缘的胶粘剂
Figure 20. Adhesive on edges of fracture surface of adhesive joint under SEM
表 1 胶粘剂材料属性
Table 1. Material properties of adhesive
材料 杨氏模量/MPa 剪切模量/MPa 泊松比 AralditeⓇ 2015 1 850 560 0.33 
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表 2 铝合金材料属性
Table 2. Material properties of aluminium alloy
材料 密度/(kg·m-3) 泊松比 杨氏模量/MPa 6005A 2 730 0.33 71 000
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表 3 CFRP材料属性
Table 3. Material properties of CFRP
类型 横向弹性模量/GPa 纵向弹性模量/GPa 剪切模量/GPa 泊松比 单向 125±12 10±2 7±0.6 0.07 斜纹 55±5 55±5 4±0.5 0.14
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