Mechanism of rail vibration absorber suppressing rail corrugation in Cologne-egg fastener section
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摘要: 开展了重庆地铁1号线钢轨波磨的现场调研，建立了科隆蛋扣件小半径曲线区段车辆-轨道系统的动力学模型，研究了导向轮对通过该区段时的动力学特性；基于轮轨系统摩擦自激振动理论建立了相应区段轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统的有限元模型，应用复特征值法和瞬时动态法研究了钢轨波磨的形成机理和钢轨吸振器的抑制机理；采用控制变量法探究了钢轨吸振器连接参数和安装方式对钢轨波磨的影响规律。研究结果表明：科隆蛋扣件小半径曲线区段导向轮对与钢轨间的蠕滑力趋于饱和，容易引起轮轨系统发生频率为477.65 Hz的摩擦自激振动，从而导致低轨表面形成30~40 mm的钢轨波磨；安装钢轨吸振器能有效降低轮轨系统对应频率下的摩擦自激振动，进而抑制科隆蛋扣件小半径曲线区段钢轨波磨的产生；在一定范围内增大钢轨吸振器的连接刚度和连接阻尼，或改变钢轨吸振器的安装方式均有助于减小轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动，从而抑制波磨的产生和发展；当钢轨吸振器横向连接刚度和阻尼分别为60 MN·m-1和50 kN·s·m-1，纵向连接刚度和阻尼分别为60 MN·m-1和50 kN·s·m-1，垂向连接刚度和阻尼分别为120 MN·m-1和100 kN·s·m-1，并且钢轨吸振器连续安装在钢轨轨腰两侧，轮轨系统发生摩擦自激振动的可能性最小。Abstract: The field investigation of rail corrugation in Chongqing Metro Line 1 was implemented. The dynamical model of the vehicle-track system in the sharp curved section with Cologne-egg fastener was established, and the dynamical characteristics of the leading wheelset passing the section were studied. Based on the theory of friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system, the finite element model of the wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system of the corresponding section was established. The complex eigenvalue and the instantaneous dynamic methods were applied to study the generation mechanism of rail corrugation and the suppression mechanism of the rail vibration absorber. The influence laws of connection parameters and installation methods of the rail vibration absorber on rail corrugation were explored by the control variable method. Analysis results show that the creep force between the leading wheelset and the rail tends to be saturated in the sharp curved section with Cologne-egg fastener, which can easily cause the friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system with a frequency of 477.65 Hz, thereby leading to the rail corrugation with the wavelength of 30-40 mm on the surface of the low rail. By installing the rail vibration absorber, the friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system at the corresponding frequency can be effectively reduced, which further suppresses the formation of rail corrugation in the sharp curved section with Cologne-egg fastener. Increasing the connection stiffness and damping of the rail vibration absorber within a certain range or changing the installation method of the rail vibration absorber can be beneficial to reduce the friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system, thus inhibiting the generation and growth of rail corrugation. When the lateral connection stiffness and damping of rail vibration absorber are 60 MN·m-1and 50 kN·s·m-1, the longitudinal connection stiffness and damping of rail vibration absorber are 60 MN·m-1 and 50 kN·s·m-1, and the vertical connection stiffness and damping of rail vibration absorber are 120 MN·m-1 and 100 kN·s·m-1, respectively, and the rail vibration absorber is installed continuously on both sides of the rail web, the occurrence possibility of friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system is the smallest.
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图 1 科隆蛋扣件小半径曲线区段现场调研
Figure 1. Field investigation of sharp curved section with Cologne-egg fastener
图 3 导向轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统接触模型
Figure 3. Contact model of leading wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system
图 4 轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统有限元模型
Figure 4. Finite element model of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system
图 9 轮轨间摩擦力和蠕滑力的关系
Figure 9. Relationships of creep force and friction force between wheel and rail
图 10 安装吸振器前后轮轨系统的复特征值实部和模态
Figure 10. Real parts of complex eigenvalue and modes of wheel-rail system before and after installing vibration absorber
图 12 高轨和低轨表面垂向振动加速度变化
Figure 12. Variations of vertical vibration acceleration on surface of high rail and low rail
图 13 轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统瞬时动态分析
Figure 13. Instantaneous dynamic analysis of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system
图 14 钢轨吸振器连接参数对比
Figure 14. Comparison of connection parameters of rail vibration absorber
图 16 钢轨吸振器安装方式对比
Figure 16. Comparison of installation methods of rail vibration absorber
表 1 轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system
参数 密度/(kg·m-3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 轮对 7 790 210.0 0.30 钢轨 7 790 205.9 0.30 吸振器 7 850 210.0 0.29 
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表 2 轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统连接参数
Table 2. Connection parameters of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system
参数 方向 横向 垂向 纵向 吸振器刚度/(MN·m-1) 15.00 30.00 15.00 吸振器阻尼/(kN·s·m-1) 20.00 40.00 20.00 扣件刚度/(MN·m-1) 7.58 12.07 7.58 扣件阻尼/(kN·s·m-1) 974.27 1 361.12 974.27
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