Optimization of carbon emission reduction technology for asphalt mixture production enterprises under carbon cap-and-trade policy
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摘要: 为有效提升公路建设企业在沥青路面建设工程中的碳减排积极性，聚焦沥青面层建设期的碳排放量，对其各个阶段进行量化分析，确定了原材料生产阶段以及沥青混合料生产阶段中的集料加热环节为影响沥青面层建设期碳排放量的关键环节；以承担上述关键环节的沥青混合料生产企业为研究视角，针对性地选取固废利用和温拌2种碳减排技术，构建了碳限额与交易政策框架下的沥青混合料生产企业利润模型，并据此对不同碳减排技术的关键控制指标进行优化。研究结果表明：无论是采用固废利用还是沥青混合料温拌技术，只有当政府设定的碳配额超过企业实施碳减排技术所能达到的最低碳减排量时，沥青混合料生产企业才具备盈利的潜力；当碳配额处于企业实施碳减排技术所对应的最低和最高碳排放量之间时，沥青混合料生产企业需根据固废利用和温拌技术的不同特性，将固废掺量或集料加热温度控制在合理阈值内，才能确保企业实现盈利，从而实现对固废利用和温拌两种碳减排技术关键控制指标的优化。研究结论为沥青混合料生产企业在碳减排技术的科学选择与应用方面提供了有力的理论支撑。Abstract: The purpose of this study is to effectively enhance the carbon emission reduction enthusiasm of highway construction enterprises in asphalt pavement construction projects. Carbon emissions during the construction phase of the asphalt surface were focused on. A quantitative analysis was conducted across various stages. The raw material production stage and the aggregate heating process within the asphalt mixture production stage were determined as the critical links influencing carbon emissions during the construction phase of the asphalt surface. From the research perspective of asphalt mixture production enterprises responsible for these key links, two carbon emission reduction technologies, namely solid waste utilization and warm-mix technology, were specifically selected. A profit model for asphalt mixture production enterprises was constructed under the carbon cap-and-trade policy framework. The key control indicators of different carbon emission reduction technologies were optimized based on this model. Research results show that whether solid waste utilization or warm-mix technology is adopted, asphalt mixture production enterprises can achieve profit potential only when the carbon quota set by the government exceeds the minimum carbon emission reduction achievable through the implementation of carbon emission reduction technologies. Moreover, when the carbon quota is between the minimum and maximum carbon emissions corresponding to the implementation of carbon emission reduction technologies, asphalt mixture production enterprises need to control the solid waste content or aggregate heating temperature within a reasonable threshold based on the different characteristics of the solid waste utilization and warm-mix technology. It ensures that the enterprises achieve profitability, and achieves the optimization of key control indicators for both solid waste utilization and warm-mix technology. The research conclusions provide strong theoretical support for the scientific selection and application of carbon emission reduction technologies by asphalt mixture production enterprises.
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图 1 沥青混合料面层建设期阶段划分
Figure 1. Division of construction period of asphalt mixture pavement
图 3 采用固废利用技术时E＜e2情形下沥青混合料生产企业利润变化趋势
Figure 3. Results of profit for asphalt mixture production enterprises under the condition of E < e2 when using solid waste utilization technology
图 4 采用固废利用技术时e2＜E＜e1情形下沥青混合料生产企业利润变化趋势
Figure 4. Results of profit for asphalt mixture production enterprises under the condition of e2 < E < e1 when using solid waste utilization technology
图 5 采用固废利用技术时E＞e情形下沥青混合料生产企业利润变化趋势
Figure 5. Results of profit for asphalt mixture production enterprises under the condition of E > e when using solid waste utilization technology
图 6 采用沥青混合料温拌技术时E＜e2情形下沥青混合料生产企业利润变化趋势
Figure 6. Results of profit for asphalt mixture production enterprises under the condition of E < e2 when using asphalt mixture warm-mix technology
图 7 采用沥青混合料温拌技术时e2＜E＜e1情形下沥青混合料生产企业利润变化趋势
Figure 7. Results of profit for asphalt mixture production enterprises under the condition of e2 < E < e1 when using asphalt mixture warm-mix technology
图 8 采用沥青混合料温拌技术时e1＜E＜e情形下沥青混合料生产企业利润变化趋势
Figure 8. Results of profit for asphalt mixture production enterprises under the condition of e1 < E < e when using asphalt mixture warm-mix technology
图 9 采用沥青混合料温拌技术时E＞e情形下沥青混合料生产企业利润变化趋势
Figure 9. Results of profit for asphalt mixture production enterprises under the condition of E > e when using asphalt mixture warm-mix technology
表 1 不同路段沥青面层建设期各阶段碳排放排放量汇总
Table 1. Results of carbon emission of each step in asphalt mixture pavement construction
生产阶段 路段1 路段2 路段3 碳排放量/ kg 占比/% 碳排放量/ kg 占比/% 碳排放量/ kg 占比/% 原材料生产阶段 原材料生产 26 735.20 37.92 85 421.80 38.22 13 677.22 36.35 混合料生产阶段 集料堆料与上料 1 171.70 1.66 3 734.79 1.67 601.11 1.60 集料干燥加热 28 570.69 40.52 88 699.23 39.69 15 488.85 41.17 沥青脱桶加热 2 596.04 3.68 9 154.25 4.10 1 509.17 4.01 沥青混合料拌合 1 507.54 2.14 4 800.94 2.15 776.96 2.06 运输阶段 原材料运输 5 165.49 7.33 16 494.16 7.38 2 648.06 7.04 沥青混合料运输 2 476.76 3.51 7 894.67 3.53 1 270.63 3.38 混合料施工阶段 沥青混合料摊铺 637.22 0.90 2 019.31 0.90 327.22 0.87 沥青混合料碾压 1 647.71 2.34 5 254.87 2.35 844.56 2.24 总计 70 508.35 223 474.02 37 625.46 注：碳排放量均为二氧化碳当量。 
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表 2 采用固废利用技术时企业利润对碳交易价格的敏感性结果(E＜e2)
Table 2. Sensitivity of corporate profits to carbon trading prices when using solid waste utilization technology (E < e2)
碳减排量/kg 不同碳配额(kg)下的敏感性结果 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -2.0 -1.8 -1.6 -1.4 -1.2 1.3 -1.7 -1.5 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 1.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 2.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0
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表 3 采用固废利用技术时企业利润对碳交易价格的敏感性结果(e2＜E＜e1)
Table 3. Sensitivity of corporate profits to carbon trading prices when using solid waste utilization technology (e2 < E < e1)
碳减排量/kg 不同碳配额(kg)下的敏感性结果 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1.0 -1.2 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.6 -0.6 -0.4 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.9 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2
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表 4 采用固废利用技术时企业利润对碳交易价格的敏感性结果(E＞e)
Table 4. Sensitivity of corporate profits to carbon trading prices when using solid waste utilization technology (E > e)
碳减排量/kg 不同碳配额(kg)下的敏感性结果 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 1.3 1.3 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.3 6.3 1.6 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.6 5.6 6.6 1.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.9 2.2 2.2 3.2 4.2 5.2 6.2 7.2
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表 5 采用沥青混合料温拌技术时企业利润对碳交易价格的敏感性结果(E＜e2)
Table 5. Sensitivity of corporate profits to carbon trading prices when using asphalt mixture warm-mix technology (E < e2)
碳减排量/kg 不同碳配额(kg)下的敏感性结果 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.0 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 4.0 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 5.0 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 6.0 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 7.0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
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表 6 采用沥青混合料温拌技术时企业利润对碳交易价格的敏感性结果(e2＜E＜e1)
Table 6. Sensitivity of corporate profits to carbon trading prices when using asphalt mixture warm-mix technology (e2 < E < e1)
碳减排量/kg 不同碳配额(kg)下的敏感性结果 10 11 12 13 14 3.0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 4.0 -3 -2 -1 0 1 5.0 -2 -1 0 1 2 6.0 -1 0 1 2 3 7.0 0 1 2 3 4
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表 7 采用沥青混合料温拌技术时企业利润对碳交易价格的敏感性结果e1＜E＜e
Table 7. Sensitivity of corporate profits to carbon trading prices when using asphalt mixture warm-mix technology (e1 < E < e)
碳减排量/kg 不同碳配额(kg)下的敏感性结果 10 11 12 13 3.0 0 1 2 3 4.0 1 2 3 4 5.0 2 3 4 5 6.0 3 4 5 6 7.0 4 5 6 7
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表 8 采用沥青混合料温拌技术时企业利润对碳交易价格的敏感性结果(E＞e)
Table 8. Sensitivity of corporate profits to carbon trading prices when using asphalt mixture warm-mix technology (E > e)
碳减排量/kg 不同碳配额(kg)下的敏感性结果 17 18 19 20 21 22 3.0 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.0 4 5 6 7 8 9 5.0 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.0 6 7 8 9 10 11 7.0 7 8 9 10 11 12
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