A Methodology for the Determination of Emission Rates from Vehicular Pollutants on Highway in China
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摘要: 在全国范围内选取的三座公路隧道内, 通过大量采样和分析过往隧道机动车排气产生的污染物浓度和在实验室底盘测功机上模拟测试中国代表性机动车单车污染物排放特性相结合, 研究确定出中国机动车在公路行驶状况下CO、NOx和HC的排放因子。根据实测数据用线性优化的方法求得了分类机动车(轻型车、中型车、重型车和摩托车) 污染物排放因子, 提出了公路线源机动车CO、NOx和HC排放强度的计算方法及其各参数的取值。用某高速公路两侧实测的NOx浓度、气象条件和交通量对建立的公路线源机动车污染物排放强度公式验证分析, 表明有良好的可靠性。Abstract: The on road vehicular emission factors were determined by monitoring the vehicle's pollutant concentrations in three highway tunnels in China, and by measuring the pollutant emission characteristics of typical in use motors on the chassis dynamometer.Based on the measured data, the pollutant emission factors of the classified type vehicles were solved using the linear optimization technology.The calculating formula of the linear source strength of CO, NOx and hydrocarbons (HC) as well as the parameter values in the formula were given.Finally, the reliability analysis of the vehicular emission rates, which was based on monitored pollutant concentrations, meteorological conditions and traffic fleet compositions on an existing express highway, shows that it has a good relationship between calculated and observed results.
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Key words:
- vehicular pollutant /
- linear source /
- emission rate
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公路隧道 CO HC NOx 说明 平均值 标准差 平均值 标准差 平均值 标准差 龙泉山隧道 28.722 0.225 2.120 1.320 4.651 1.923 高速公路 七道梁隧道 44.961 26.101 5.671 1.943 3.158 1.943 山岭公路 西安北路隧道 33.279 12.158 3.577 1.816 4.605 1.981 城市道路 表 2 单车污染物综合排放因子速度订正系数
车型 CO HC NOx a b c a b c a b c 轻型车 3.6169 -0.07394 0.00043 2.7392 -0.04655 0.00025 1.16875 -0.0896 0.00011 中、重型车 2.1398 -0.0291 0.00012 4.22107 -0.09182 0.00057 0.707017 -0.0024 0.000169 表 3 分类车型单车污染物排放因子Kij
(g/ (km·veh)) 车型 CO HC NOx 轻型车 36.291 3.310 2.881 中型车 33.249 4.519 4.671 重型车 17.830 2.860 13.760 摩托车 20.007 3.486 0.184 表 4 可靠性统计参数
模式 实测值、计算值 线性回归 评价统计分析 Sa Sb a′ b′ r RMSEs RMSEu RMSE d GM 0.123 0.094 0.085 0.088 0.023 0.581 0.695 0.8222 0.0023 0.008 0.7865 HIWAY 0.123 0.125 0.085 0.100 0.008 0.953 0.780 0.1086 0.0007 0.0118 0.8982 -
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