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摘要: 介绍了米轨货车橡胶缓冲器——XJH-1的新型结构方案与设计计算方法。该缓冲器仅由盖板-橡胶与隔板-橡胶两个互换性单元构成, 采用零初压力, 制造与维修时无须专用装拆设备, 具有重量轻、冲击力低和缓冲效果好的优点; 而且安装拆卸方便, 互换性好, 制造与维修费用低, 充分利用了缓冲结构空间; 为开发大容量提速、高速和重载铁路车辆橡胶缓冲器奠定了基础。设计计算方法有效地应用到了缓冲器开发。Abstract: New structural scheme is introduced and design method is presented for a new rubber bumper of the railway freight car with 1 m wide trucks.The bumper is only made up of two exchangeable units, the butt plate rubber unit and the partition plate rubber unit.In addition, a zero initial press force is employed.These make the bumper holds advantages of light in weight, lowest in impact force and good in bumping effect.It is easy to be assembled and disassembled, good in exchangeability, lower in cost of manufacturing and maintaining and higher efficient in use of the bumper volume.The structural scheme provides also a capacity of developing the rubber bumpers used for high speed, sub high speed and heavy railway cars. The design method has been effectively applied to the development of present rubber bumpers.
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Key words:
- railway freight car /
- rubber bumper /
- design /
- structure scheme /
- exchangeability /
- maintainability /
- cost
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图 1 缓冲器中单个橡胶块的功能模型
Figure 1. Mechanical model for single layer of rubber in a rubber bumper
图 3 现有铁路货车橡胶缓冲器结构方案
Figure 3. Structural scheme of the existent rubber bumper for the freight car with 1 m wide trucks
图 4 本课题组提出的铁路货车橡胶缓冲器结构方案
Figure 4. Structural scheme of the presently developed rubber bumper
图 5 新开发橡胶缓冲器的两个互换性单元
Figure 5. Two exchangeable units of the presently developed rubber bumper
表 1 米轨货车橡胶缓冲器设计要求性能参数
Table 1. Required properties of rubber bumper for the freight car with 1 m wide trucks
外形尺寸L×B×H/mm 最大阻抗力Fh/kN 行程X/m 容量Wh/kJ 吸收率ρx/% 质量Mh/kg 317×225×514 ≤1000 64~68 14~16 ≥75 ≤100 
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表 2 某厂开发的米轨货车橡胶缓冲器极限性能参数
Table 2. Properties of the previously developed rubber bumper for the freight car with 1 m wide trucks by a factory
外形尺寸L×B×H/mm 最大阻抗力Fh/kN 行程X/m 容量Wh/kJ 吸收率ρx/% 质量Mh/kg 317×225×514 1033.23 51 22.54 63.4 127
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表 3 新型米轨货车橡胶缓冲器的设计参量
Table 3. Tab.3 Design properties of the presently developed rubber bumper for the freight car with 1 m wide trucks
外形尺寸L×B×H/mm 最大阻抗力Fh/kN 行程X/m 容量Wh/kJ 吸收率ρx/% 质量Mh/kg 317×225×514 519 68 15.2 87.63 76.56
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