桥梁损伤安全评定与维护管理策略

王春生; 陈惟珍; 陈艾荣

桥梁损伤安全评定与维护管理策略

同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点试验室, 上海 200092

详细信息

作者简介:
王春生(1972-), 男, 黑龙江绥化人, 长安大学讲师, 同济大学博士生, 从事钢桥和桥梁损伤安全评估研究

中图分类号: U441.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2002-05-27
- 刊出日期: 2002-12-25

Damage safety assessment and maintenance management strategy of bridges

State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

More Information

Author Bio:
WANG Chun-sheng (1972-), male, a doctoral student of Tongji University, engaged in research of steel bridges and damage safety assessment of bridges

摘要

摘要: 既有桥梁总会存在着不同程度的结构累积损伤, 这不但影响桥梁的正常运营, 而且会危及结构的使用安全。常规桥梁承载能力试验与新近发展起来的健康监测技术都很难独自对会导致桥梁脆性破坏的损伤累积进行有效检测。因此, 提出基于损伤机理的结构损伤安全评定方法的设想, 采用局部无损探测和整体、长期健康监测相结合的损伤判断、定位技术, 在正确诊断桥梁损伤基础上, 综合应用基于损伤力学、疲劳断裂、可靠度理论等多种方法和理论进行损伤安全评定。根据实时安全评定结果, 按照不同桥梁结构的损伤特点, 即时给出桥梁维护管理对策, 以便桥梁管理部门采取相应措施保障桥梁安全使用。以上海市外白渡桥为例简要介绍该方法的实际应用成果, 并对今后桥梁损伤安全评定研究提出了一些具体建议
- 桥梁 /
- 损伤 /
- 安全评定 /
- 维护管理策略
Abstract: Damage cumulation in existing bridges affects not only on normal service of bridges, but also on service safety of structures. Both load carrying capacity testing and health monitoring technology could not alone identify damage cumulation, which often leads to brittle fracture of bridges. A new approach of damage safety assessment based on damage mechanism is proposed, which combines local nondestructive inspection with global health monitoring technology to identify and localize damage. On the basis of accurate damage identification, damage mechanics, fatigue and fracture mechanics, reliability theory are applied for damage safety assessment. According to the online safety assessment results and the damage characteristics of different types of bridges, maintenance management strategy is timely suggested in order to help management department to ensure the service safety of bridges. The practice application of the new method is introduced through the example of Waibaidu Bridge in Shanghai. Finally, some suggestions about damage safety assessment of bridges in the future are given.
- bridge /
- damage /
- safety assessment /
- maintenance management strategy

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图 1 外白渡桥空间力学模型

Figure 1. 3-Dimensional finite element model of Waibaidu Bridge

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表 1 桥梁失效

Table 1. Tab.1 Bridge failure cases

桥名	桥型	事故时间	事故简况	失效原因
美国Kings桥	钢桥	1962	倒塌	疲劳脆断
美国Point Pleasant桥	吊桥	1967	倒塌	疲劳脆断
英国Yuys-y-Gwas桥	混凝土梁桥	1985	倒塌	预应力筋锈蚀
美国乔治·华盛顿桥	吊桥	1992	纽约侧锚锭内主缆近70%丝股腐蚀严重	主缆腐蚀
韩国圣水大桥	斜拉桥	1994	中孔崩塌	疲劳断裂
广州海印大桥	斜拉桥	1995	一根斜拉索突然断落	斜拉索锈蚀
帕劳岛桥	预应力混凝土梁桥	1996	倒塌	力筋腐蚀
重庆綦江彩虹桥	钢管混凝土拱桥	1999	倒塌	施工质量低下
宜宾小南门桥	劲性骨架箱肋拱	2001	桥面局部倒塌	吊杆断裂

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表 2 桥梁无损检测技术

Table 2. Tab.2 Nondestructive (NDE) inspection technology

检测项目	检测技术
桥面板损伤检测	双频带红外自动温度成像系统和探地雷达成像技术
变形测量	水准仪、经纬仪、全站仪、相干激光雷达和GPS
超载检测	TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) 钢传感器
钢构件疲劳和裂缝检测	超声时程衍射、声发射、高分辨率热成像系统、无绳应变测量方法、无源疲劳荷载测量装置、涡流及交流场测量焊接裂缝、利用电磁声学传感器测量疲劳荷载
锈蚀检测	埋置式腐蚀微传感器、磁通泄漏检测系统、SoundPrint 1994声音监测系统
桥梁下部结构损伤检测	强迫振动法
索力测定	微型振动索力仪、相干激光雷达系统
混凝土强度无损检测	表面压痕法、回弹法、超声脉冲法、回弹-超声综合法、振动法、射线法
混凝土损伤检测	超声脉冲法、射线法、微波吸收和雷达扫描法、声发射法、透光法、介电法和电磁法等

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表 3 剩余寿命及探测间隔

Table 3. Tab.3 Remaining fatigue life and inspection interval

杆号	超声波探测		观测
杆号	剩余寿命/a	探测间隔/a	剩余寿命/a	探测间隔/a
A1E1	7.95	3.98	1.79	1.19
A1E2	36.34	18.17	11.11	7.41
A2E2	32.41	16.21	11.18	7.45
A2E3	37.36	18.68	11.51	7.67
A3E3	16.11	8.06	5.79	3.86
A3E4	27.93	13.97	7.73	5.15
A4E3	23.53	11.77	7.04	4.69
A4E4	22.45	11.23	5.76	3.84
A4E5	18.05	9.02	4.20	2.80
A5E4	50.72	25.36	8.82	5.88
A5E5	19.15	9.57	6.03	4.02
A5E6	20.87	10.44	5.62	3.75
A6E5	21.53	10.77	5.71	3.81
E5E6	534.14	267.07	219.45	146.30

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