Three-dimensional vehicle dynamics model for road traffic accident simulation and reconstruction
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摘要: 应用动力学理论, 提出了用于道路交通事故模拟再现分析的车辆动力学三维模型, 并引用日本汽车研究所的16例车对车实车碰撞实验数据对该三维模拟模型的计算误差进行界定, 并与二维四轮模拟模型的计算精度进行了定量比较, 针对实际道路交通事故案例进行了模拟再现。实例证明车辆三维模型在计算车辆碰撞动力学问题时的总体平均相对误差值为6.65%, 虽然相对于车辆二维四轮模型其速度计算精度在总体水平上降低了1.43%, 但若考虑到其对道路交通事故形态的包容性和形象化方面的优势, 计算精度的适度降低是可以接受的。Abstract: With dynamics theory, a 3-D vehicle dynamics model for road traffic accident simulation and reconstruction was put forward. Through refering to 16 car-to-car impact test datum, the computation error of the 3-D simulation model was defined, and the computation precisions of the 3-D vehicle model and 2-D four-wheel model were compared in quantity. The results of simulation and reconstruction for real traffic accidents show that the general average relative error of the 3-D vehicle model used to compute such the intensive motion as the vehicle impact is 6.65%, and the computation precision of the 3-D model decreases by 1.43% than that of the 2-D model, the proper reduction of computation precision is acceptable because of its advantage in the area of traffic accident type accommodation and visualization.
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图 3 三维模型与二维四轮模型平均相对计算误差比较
Figure 3. Comparison of average relative computation errors between 3-D and 2-D simulation models
图 4 三维模型道路交通事故模拟再现
Figure 4. Simulation and reconstruction for traffic accident of 3-D model
表 1 计算车速与实测车速比较
Table 1. Comparison of computation vehicle speeds and measured vehicle speeds
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