-
摘要: 根据船舶集装箱运输生产的航速和箱位两个要素, 定义了以每天每箱位投入燃油数和箱位数为自变量的航运生产函数; 推导出集装箱航运市场供方根据需求的变化而调整产量的扩张路径; 推导出供方短期单位总成本, 并求出边际成本曲线, 即供应函数。结果表明, 在大范围内, 边际成本对需求相对较不敏感, 运价相对稳定, 但当船队已完全利用, 边际成本及船东要求的运价上升很快。Abstract: The shipping velocity and cell capicity are two key factors for container shipping. A production function for container shipping was presented. In the function, the fuel per slot and per day and slots number were chosen as variables. According to this production function, the unit total cost and marginal cost of supplier can be calculated, so the supplier can adjust the supply according to the change of market. The results show that at a wide range, marginal cost is relatively insensitive to demand, the transport price is relatively stable, but when the fleet is fully utilized, the marginal cost and transport price will increase quickly.
-
Key words:
- container shipping /
- market /
- freight supply and demand /
- freight price
-
[1] 张丽娟. 水运价格理论与实践[M]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2003. [2] 姚伟福, 李钢, 施欣. 中国运价指数与航运市场建设[A]. 国际海运政策与发展研讨会[C]. 上海: 上海海运学院出版社, 1998. [3] 张学军. 从20世纪90年代集装箱海运供求关系看集装箱运输的特点及运价走势[J]. 集装箱化, 1996, 5(11): 9-12.ZHANG Xue-jun. Container transport characteristics and freight rate trend by marine container supply and demand in the 90 's[J]. Containerization, 1996, 5 (11): 9-12. (in Chinese) [4] 孟愈. 集装箱班轮运价分析[J]. 中国水运, 1998, 20(2): 13-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHOG199802007.htmMENG Yu. Container freight rate analysis[J]. China Water Transport, 1998, 20(2): 13-14. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHOG199802007.htm [5] 侯荣华. 国际航运业务[M]. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2000. [6] 姚宗明, 林国龙. 集装箱运输管理[M]. 大连: 大连海运学院出版社, 1993. [7] 费维军. 论班轮运输的定价理论与实践[J]. 集装箱化, 1997, 6 (1): 3-5. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZXH199701001.htmFEI Wei-jun. On the pricing theory and practice of liner transport[J]. Containerization, 1997, 6(1): 3-5. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZXH199701001.htm