运输企业中不同差别价格策略

摘要: 用微观经济学方法对不同结构的交通市场中的生产者行为进行了分析, 对不完全竞争者和垄断者利用市场权力谋求最大化利益的情况进行的分析表明, 生产者的市场权力取决于需求弹性和替代品数量, 不完全竞争者可以根据具体情况运用不同的差别价格策略实现利益最大化, 特别是固定投资巨大而机会成本相对较小的铁路企业还可以通过差别价格策略获得最佳价格组合。铁路企业若要理性地实施差别价格策略, 必须对市场进行细分, 估计各细分市场的需求弹性与替代品数量, 然后还要估计各产品的短期成本函数与制造产品差异。
- 产业经济学 /
- 运输经济学 /
- 差别价格策略 /
- 市场权力
Abstract: This paper used microeconomics method to analyze carrier's behavior in different structural market of transportation. The phenomenon that the imperfect competitor and monopolist usually make use of market power to maximize its benefits expresses that a firm's market power is decided by the demand flexibility and the number of substitutes. Imperfect competitor can make use of different discriminate price strategy based on special circs to maximize its benefits. Railway enterprises, which need a great of fix cost, but comparatively small part of variable cost, also can seek optimum price combination by using discriminate price strategy. If a railway enterprise want to make use of discriminate price strategy rationally, it must to subdivide the market it faced, estimate the demand flexibility of each segment market and the number of substitute, and the short-term cost function of each product, of course difference in product is very important.
- industrial economics /
- transportation economics /
- discriminate price strategy /
- market power

HTML全文

图 1 差别价格与统一边际成本

Figure 1. Discriminate price and unified marginal cost

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同边际成本统一价格的差别价格策略

Figure 2. Discriminate price of different marginal cost and unified price

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 铁路货物运输的价格差别策略

Figure 3. Discriminate price in railway freight transport

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(9)

[1]	张风波. 中国交通经济分析[M]. 北京: 人民出版社, 1987.
[2]	Kenneth D Boyer. Principle of Transportation Economics[M]. USA Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1998.
[3]	魏埙, 蔡继明, 刘俊民, 等. 现代西方经济学教程[M]. 天津: 南开大学出版社, 1992.
[4]	Patrick S McCarthy. Transportation Economics-Theory and Practice[M]. Blackwell Publishers, Massachusets, USA, 2001.
[5]	Bresnahan T F. Empirical Studies of Industries with Market Power. Handbook of Industrial Organization[M]. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1983.
[6]	保罗·A·萨谬尔森. 经济学[M]. 北京: 中国发展出版社, 1992.
[7]	Emile Quinet. Analytical Transport Economics[M]. Chelten-ham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2000.
[8]	Kenneth D Boyer. Principles of Transportation Economics[M]. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1998.
[9]	吴群琪. 运输需求经济分析[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2001, 2(2): 114-119. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2001.02.027 WU Qun-qi. Economic analysis of transportation demand[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2001, 2(2): 114-119. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2001.02.027