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摘要: 应用层次分析法和模糊评判法, 分析了道路各因素对驾驶员安全感的影响程度, 建立了驾驶员对道路条件安全感受评价的定量描述模型。并利用该模型对一典型事故多发路段进行了实例验证, 发现在改造前后驾驶员对该路段的安全感量化值从3 324降低到2 628, 这一结果能很好地反映驾驶员的实际感受情况, 是一种度量驾驶员安全感的有效方法。Abstract: This paper studied the effect of road factors on driver's safety perception by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and set up a general fuzzy appraising model. By applying the model, an example was calculated. It is pointed that the value of measuring driver's perceived safety reduces from 3.324 before controlling to 2.628 after controlling. The result indicates that the model is a effective method of measuring safety perception.
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Key words:
- traffic safety /
- driver /
- road condition /
- safety perception /
- fuzzy evaluating
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表 1 判断矩阵U及各因素权重
Table 1. Judging matrix U and factors weight
U U1 U2 U3 权重 一致性检验 U1 1 2 2 0.493 λmax=3.054CI=0.027CR=0.046 < 0.1符合要求 U2 1/2 1 2 0.311 U3 1/2 1/2 1 0.196 表 2 判断矩阵U1及各因素权重
Table 2. Judging matrix U1and factors weight
U1 U11 U12 U13 U14 权重 一致性检验 U11 1 2 3 3 0.453 λmax=4.071CI=0.024CR=0.025 < 0.1符合要求 U12 1/2 1 2 2 0.262 U13 1/3 1/2 1 2 0.167 U14 1/3 1/2 1/2 1 0.118 表 3 判断矩阵U2及各因素权重
Table 3. Judging matrix U2and factors weight
U2 U21 U22 U23 权重 一致性检验 U21 1 3 5 0.648 λmax=3.003 7CI=0.001 8CR=0.003 2 < 0.1符合要求 U22 1/3 1 2 0.230 U23 1/5 1/3 1 0.122 表 4 判断矩阵U3及各因素权重
Table 4. Judging matrix U3and factors weight
U3 U31 U32 U33 权重 一致性检验 U31 1 3 5 0.648 λmax=3.003 7CI=0.001 8CR=0.003 2 < 0.1符合要求 U32 1/3 1 2 0.230 U33 1/5 1/3 1 0.122 表 5 B值与相应评判等级对应关系
Table 5. B values and its corresponding judging rank
评价等级 差 一般 较好 好 相应B值 B < 1.75 1.75≤B < 2.50 2.50≤B < 3.25 B≥3.25 表 6 实例路段道路条件单因素评价
Table 6. Single-factor evaluation of sample road condition
评价指标 各指标参数值或语言变量状态 各指标对各评价等级的隶属度 1差 2一般 3较好 4好 道路线形条件 视距条件 能很好地满足视距要求 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 行车道宽度 双向四车道(2×15 m) 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.0 平曲线半径R R=∞ (即为直线路段) 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 纵坡坡度α α=5.5% 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.1 道路路面条件 路面行驶质量 高级路面, 路面平整且完好无损 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 路面抗滑性能 路面附着系数符合标准 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.4 路面视认性 路面标线齐全且清晰 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0 道路环境条件 交通标志警示度 一般性限速警告标志 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.8 交通干扰隔离状态 半封闭, 有中央隔离, 无其他隔离设施 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.8 与路侧景观协调性 缺乏变化, 较为单调 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.2 -
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