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摘要: 为了减小提速机车在提速区段异常振动, 提高机车运行平稳性, 以抗蛇行减振器为研究对象, 运用机车车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论, 以机车运行平稳性指标为依据, 从机车抗蛇行减振器的工作状态、卸荷速度、结构阻尼参数等入手, 研究了抗蛇行减振器与机车运行平稳性的关系。仿真计算与分析结果表明: 抗蛇行减振器的工作状态对机车运行平稳性有较大的影响, 必须严格确保所有减振器的工作状态均正常; 取适当的卸荷速度可以达到提高乘车舒适性的目的; 抗蛇行减振器的结构阻尼参数越大, 对提高机车的平稳性越有利。Abstract: In order to effectively control the severe sway and improve the riding comfortability for speed-raised locomotive, the effects of the damping parameters, unloaded speeds and working conditions of dampers on locomotive comfortability were analyzed by vehicle and track coupling dynamics.Analysis result shows that the working conditions of dampers have much effect on the running quality of locomotive, so it must be ensured that all of dampers are in work when locomotive runs on railway; it can improve locomotive riding performance to choose proper unloaded velocities of dampers; the bigger the damping values of all dampers are, the more comfortable locomotive is.
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Key words:
- locomotive engineering /
- damper /
- parameter optimization /
- comfortability /
- dynamics
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表 1 工作状态对舒适性的影响
Table 1. Effects of work conditions on lateral comfortability
速度/ (km·h-1) 指标 工作状态 均正常 1个失效 2个失效 3个失效 全失效 140 加速度最大值/ (m·s-2) 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 平稳性指标 3.05 3.18 3.27 3.48 3.59 150 加速度最大值/ (m·s-2) 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9 平稳性指标 3.23 3.28 3.39 3.57 3.68 160 加速度最大值/ (m·s-2) 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.4 平稳性指标 3.28 3.39 3.97 4.21 4.56 
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表 2 卸荷速度对舒适性的影响
Table 2. Effects of unloaded speeds on locomotive comfortability
速度/ (km·h-1) 指标 卸荷速度/ (m·s-1) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 140 加速度最大值/ (m·s-2) 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 平稳性指标 3.05 2.68 2.67 2.69 2.68 2.69 2.69 2.69 150 加速度最大值/ (m·s-2) 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 平稳性指标 3.23 2.71 2.75 2.76 2.76 2.78 2.78 2.78 160 加速度最大值/ (m·s-2) 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 平稳性指标 3.28 2.76 2.80 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.83
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