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摘要: 为确定城市出租车的合理发展规模, 研究了城市出租车网络的运营特性与载客和空载阶段的出租车路径选择行为特征, 分析了固定需求条件下出租车运营网络的供需平衡关系, 建立了城市出租车网络平衡模型, 以客观地反映驾驶员的搜客行为规律, 表征城市道路网、出租车运营规模、出租车搜索时间和乘客候车时间的相关关系, 并针对模型结构特征设计了模型求解的迭代求解算法。算例计算分析表明, 算法是收敛的, 模型是可行的, 能根据乘客等待时间确定城市出租车的合理发展规模, 有利于城市出租车网络的规划与管理。Abstract: The operation characteristics of urban taxi service network were researched in order to determine the reasonable development quantity of urban taxis. A new equilibrium model of taxi service network was developed, the route-choosing behaviours of occupied and vacant taxis and the supply-demand equilibrium relation of taxi service network in deterministic demand condition were analyzed, so that the model could describe taxi drivers' searching behaviours and the relationships among road network, taxi quantity, drivers' searching time and passengers' waiting time. A solution algorithm was designed according to the model structure. The computation result of simple numerical example shows that the algorithm is convergent, the method is feasible, the model can determine the reasonable development quantity of urban taxis according to given passengers' waiting time, which may offer some beneficial guidance and theoretic basis to the planning and management of urban taxi network.
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表 1 OD矩阵
Table 1. OD matrix
交通区 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Qi 1 0 40 20 20 30 20 10 140 2 30 0 10 30 20 20 20 130 3 20 20 0 30 40 30 20 160 4 30 10 10 0 20 10 20 100 5 40 10 20 30 0 20 40 160 6 10 20 10 10 30 0 30 110 7 20 30 20 20 20 30 0 140 Qj 150 130 90 140 160 130 140 940 
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表 2 可能搜索路径集
Table 2. Possible searching route aggregates
交通区对 可能搜索路径 区间搜索时间/min 交通区对 可能搜索路径 区间搜索时间/min 1→2 1→2 5 6→3 6→7→3 12 1→7→2 9 6→1→2→3 15 1→6→7→2 19 6→5→4→3 19 1→7→3→2 12 6→7→1→2→3 19 1→7→4→3→2 16 6→7→4→3 16 7→5 7→5 7 6→7→2→3 16 7→6→5 17 6→1→7→3 15 7→4→5 10 6→1→7→4→3 19 7→3→4→5 15 6→1→7→2→3 19 7→1→6→5 19 6→5→7→3 20 7→2→3→4→5 19 6→5→4→3 19
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表 3 计算过程
Table 3. Calculating process
迭代次数 交通区 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 w Z w Z w Z w Z w Z w Z w Z w w w w w w w 0 1.16 0.16 1.34 0.34 0.92 0.08 1.93 0.93 0.85 0.15 1.58 0.58 1.27 0.27 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 1.01 0.14 1.12 0.16 1.01 0.10 1.45 0.25 1.02 0.20 1.21 0.23 1.02 0.20 1.16 1.34 0.92 1.93 0.85 1.58 1.27 2 1.09 0.08 1.29 0.15 0.94 0.07 1.61 1.11 0.91 0.11 1.31 0.08 1.15 0.13 1.01 1.12 1.01 1.45 1.02 1.21 1.02 3 1.04 0.05 1.11 0.14 0.99 0.05 1.55 0.04 0.99 0.09 1.25 0.05 1.06 0.08 1.09 1.29 0.94 1.61 0.91 1.31 1.15 4 1.07 0.03 1.17 0.05 0.95 0.04 1.60 0.04 0.94 0.05 1.30 0.03 1.11 0.05 1.04 1.11 0.99 1.55 0.99 1.25 1.06
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