Pricing strategy of traffic information under double-objective route guidance system
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摘要: 为了提高交通信息定价精度, 在假定出行者权衡出行时间和出行费用双目标路径诱导的基础上, 建立混合均衡定价模型, 通过实例对模型进行了标定和验证, 对比评价了单目标和双目标路径诱导下的交通信息定价策略, 并给出双目标路径诱导下的交通信息定价结果。研究结果表明, 与双目标路径诱导相比, 单目标路径诱导改变了交通信息定价的可行区域, 当具有信息的出行者、交通信息提供者、交通管理者三方各自的利益为决策主体时, 交通信息的最终价格分别为1.3、2.6和1.8元, 说明了混合均衡定价模型是有效的。Abstract: In order to improve the precision of traffic information pricing, the travel time and travel cost of traveler were considered, a mixed-equilibrium pricing model of double-objective route guidance was established, the model was estimated and validated with numerical example, the comparative evaluation of the pricing strategies of single-objective and double-objective route guidances was carried out, the pricing result of double-objective route guidance was given. Computation result shows that single-objective route guidance changes the feasible region of traffic information pricing compared with double-objective route guidance, the respective interests of information users, information providers and traffic managers are taken as decision-making hosts separately, the traffic information pricings of the model are respectively 1.3, 2.6 and 1.8 RMB, which indicates that the mixed-equilibrium model is effective.
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图 2 信息提供者利益信息价格变化率与信息价格的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between price and price change rate of information on P
图 3 信息提供者利益信息质量变化率与信息质量的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between quality and quality change rate of information on P
图 4 交通管理者利益信息价格变化率与信息价格的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between price and price change rate of information on Er
图 5 交通管理者利益信息质量变化率与信息质量的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between quality and quality change rate of information on Er
图 6 信息出行者利益信息价格变化率与信息价格的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between price and price change rate of information on Ba
图 7 信息出行者利益信息质量变化率与信息质量的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between quality and quality change rate of information on Ba
图 8 单目标下不同区域内三方利益比较
Figure 8. Comparison of Ba, P, Er in different regions under single-objective guidance
图 9 双目标下不同区域内三方利益比较
Figure 9. Comparison of Ba, P, Er in different regions under double-objective guidance
图 10 单目标和双目标诱导下的可行区域范围比较
Figure 10. Comparison of feasible regions under single-objective and double-objective guidances
图 11 双目标路径诱导下可行区域内的三方利益曲线
Figure 11. Curves of Ba, P and Er in feasible region under double-objective guidance
表 1 单目标下三方利益比较
Table 1. Comparison of Er, Baand P under single-objective guidance
区域编号 Er Ba P 1 > 0 > 0 > 0 2 < 0 > 0 > 0 3 > 0 > 0 < 0 4 > 0 < 0 > 0 5 > 0 < 0 < 0 6 < 0 < 0 > 0 7 < 0 < 0 < 0 
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表 2 双目标下三方利益比较
Table 2. Comparison of Er, Baand P under double-objective guidance
区域编号 Er Ba P 1 > 0 > 0 > 0 2 > 0 > 0 < 0 3 > 0 < 0 < 0 4 < 0 < 0 < 0 5 > 0 < 0 > 0 6 < 0 < 0 > 0
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表 3 定价结果
Table 3. Pricing result
Ba/元 Er/% P/元 (M, θ1) Max(Ba) 2.0 2.0 400 (1.3, 0.58) Max(Er) 1.5 2.0 1000 (1.8, 0.63) Max(P) 0.5 0.3 3000 (2.6, 0.09)
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