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摘要: 为理解轨道下沉变形产生与发展机理及主要影响参数, 以道床下沉为例, 运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论和轨道下沉变形法则, 借助已开发的仿真分析程序, 分析了运营条件与轨道结构参数对道床下沉变形的影响。分析结果表明: 车辆运行速度、车辆轴载、线路运量是轨道下沉破坏主要控制因素; 采用重型钢轨、大截面尺寸轨枕和重质道碴可以降低道床下沉量; 轨枕间距大, 道床弹性模量高, 不利于道床下沉变形的控制; 当路基K30模量小于90 MPa·m-1时, 道床下沉量随着K30值的增加而增大, 当K30值大于90 MPa·m-1时, 随着K30值的增加道床下沉量反而降低。可见, 为了阻止有碴轨道下沉变形, 应注重轨道结构参数的匹配, 合理安排运输。Abstract: In order to comprehend the occurring and growing mechanism of track settlement, ballast bed settlement was regarded as study object, and the effects of transportation conditions and track structure parameters on ballast settlement were analyzed by using simulation analysis program based on vehicle-track coupling dynamics and track settlement laws. Analysis result shows that vehicle running speed, vehicle axle load and railway traffic are main control factors of track settlement; it benefits to decrease ballast settlement by adopting heavy rail, big size sleeper and high density ballast; big sleeper space and high ballast elastic modulus are disadvantageous to control ballast settlement; the effect of subgrade modulus K30 is complex, ballast settlement increases with the increase of K30 when K30 is less than 90 MPa·m-1, ballast settlement reduces with the increase of K30 when K30 is more than 90 MPa·m-1. Obviously, in order to decrease track settlement, it is important to match track structure parameters and arrange transportation reasonably.
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图 1 轨道下沉与车辆-轨道振动系统的关系
Figure 1. Relationship between track settlement and vehicle-track coupling vibration system
图 3 轨道下沉与高低不平顺发展的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between track settlement and growth of track vertical profile irregularity
图 10 道床弹性模量对道床下沉的影响
Figure 10. Effect of ballast elastic modulus on ballast settlement
图 11 路基K30模量对道床下沉的影响
Figure 11. Effect of K30 modulus of subgrade on ballast settlement
表 1 不同钢轨类型条件下道床下沉量
Table 1. Ballast settle ments in the condition of different rail types
表 2 不同轨枕类型条件下道床下沉量
Table 2. Ballast settlements in the condition of different sleeper types
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