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摘要: 建立了考虑左右空气弹簧垂向耦合模型的车辆系统数学模型, 由理想气体的状态方程得到空气弹簧的力学方程, 分析了车辆通过曲线时车辆与空气弹簧的动态特性。仿真结果表明: 由于高度阀的动作, 车辆在驶出曲线后各空气弹簧的压力不一致, 导致车体不能回到静平衡位置; 车辆以正常速度通过曲线时, 车辆曲线通过动力学性能变化不大; 在车辆多次通过同一种曲线的较恶劣工况时, 空气弹簧内气压变化范围是一定的; 增加抗侧滚刚度能明显抑制车体侧滚, 从而减小空气弹簧内气压的变化量; 增大空气弹簧横向跨距, 并选择合适的刚度和阻尼, 能使车辆驶出曲线后各空气弹簧压力接近静平衡值。Abstract: The coupled vertical model of left and right air springs was considered, a mathematical model of vehicle system was set up, the dynamic equations of air spring were derived from the state equations of ideal gas, and the dynamic performances of vehicle and air spring were simulated when vehicle passed through curve.Simulation result shows that because of the action of leveling valves, the pressures of air springs are different, so that the displacement of car body does not tend to zero after curve negotiation; when vehicle runs along curve at normal speed, its dynamic curving performance varies little; when vehicle passes through the same curve time after time, the pressure's mutative range of air spring is certain; the increase of anti-roll stiffness reduces the roll angle of car body and the pressure change of air spring; the lateral distance increase between air springs and choosing appropriate stiffness and damping of air spring may keep the pressure of air spring tending to its static equilibrium value after vehicle passes through the curve.
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Key words:
- vehicle engineering /
- vehicle system dynamics /
- air spring /
- anti-roll bar /
- numerical simulation
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图 2 高度阀和压差阀非线性特性
Figure 2. Nonlinear features of pressure differential valve and leveling valve
图 4 未考虑空气弹簧模型时的曲线通过性能
Figure 4. Curving performance while no considering air spring model
图 5 多次通过相同曲线后空气弹簧的压力变化
Figure 5. Air spring's pressure change when negotiating the same curve several times
图 6 对角压差系数随抗侧滚扭转刚度k的变化
Figure 6. Change of pressure difference coefficient with anti-roll stiffness k
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