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摘要: 基于伽辽金变分原理, 利用有限元方法, 建立了轮轨摩擦耦合热弹性有限元分析模型, 分析了轮轨摩擦热与钢轨接触区热膨胀位移、摩擦温度、应变和应力的关系。模型中温度场和位移场由耦合方程同时求解, 但没有考虑惯性项和材料阻尼的影响。分析结果表明: 耦合求解的温度场和位移场与非耦合求解的温度场和位移场的计算结果一致, 钢轨表面各点滑动位移的方向与车轮滑动方向一致, 垂向位移方向先负后正; 钢轨表面各节点进入接触区后, 温度快速上升, 但高温持续时间短; 在滑动方向上, 钢轨接触点先受压应变后受拉应变作用, 垂向受拉应变作用, 滑动方向压应力明显高于垂向压应力, 钢轨接触斑前后节点滑动方向应变符号相反; 垂向高正应变区主要集中分布在接触斑后半轴上, 最大剪应变与剪应力区在接触表层以下。Abstract: Based on Galerkin variation principle, an elastic finite element analysis model of coupling friction heat for wheel/rail was put forward, and the relations between wheel/rail friction heat and rail expanded displacement in touched area, wheel/rail frictional temperature, contact strain and stress.In the model, inertia term and material damping were ignored, temperature field and displacement field were synchronously solved by using coupling equations.Analysis result shows that coupling simulation values are identical with uncoupling computation values for temperature field and displacement field, the sliding displacement direction of rail surface contact node is identical with wheel sliding direction, and the vertical displacement is negative earlier then positive later; the temperature of rail surface contact node rises quickly in contact area, but the durative time of high temperature is very short, rail surface node experiences press strain early and pull strain later in sliding direction, experiences pull strain in vertical direction, the press stress in sliding direction is higher than in vertical direction, and the strain signs in the front and back of contact note are opposite; the vertical high strains are mostly distributed in the tail of half axle of contact area, and the maximum shear strain and stress appear under contact surface.
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图 2 耦合和非耦合计算中位移与温度曲线
Figure 2. Curves of displacements and temperatures in coupling and uncoupling computations
图 3 垂向不同深度位移与温度曲线
Figure 3. Curves of displacements and temperatures at different vertical depthes
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