Data envelopment analysis model of harmonious relationship between urban traffic and land use
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摘要: 为评价高密度开发特征下城市交通与土地利用之间的关系, 提出了评价指标体系, 建立了评价二者协调关系的数据包络分析(DEA)模型。利用模型计算了1990~2005年北京市八区交通与土地利用的协调程度, 识别了影响二者协调发展的关键因素。分析结果表明: 1994年以前以及2003年之后的各年交通与土地利用双向协调发展指数均达到或接近1, 协调性相对较好, 而1995~ 2003年的协调性相对较差; 就业居住比的投入贡献值为2. 743 9, 位居土地利用系统指标贡献值之首, 公交承担率的投入贡献值为2. 733 1, 位居城市交通系统指标贡献值之首, 说明公交承担率过低, 就业岗位与人口分布失衡是影响北京市交通与土地利用协调发展的主要制约因素。Abstract: In order to evaluate the relationship between urban traffic and land use in Chinese cities with high-density development characteristics, its evaluation indices were selected, and a data envelopment analysis(DEA)model was developed. The harmonious degrees between urban traffic and land use for 8 districts of Beijing in 1990~2005 were computed by using the model, and the key factors that influence the relationship were analyzed. Evaluation result shows that the harmonious relationship is better before 1994 and after 2004, harmonious indices equal or approach 1, while the relationship is inharmonious in 1995~2003; the contributing value of the ratio of employees to citizens is 2. 743 9, ranking first in the values of land use system indices, and that of the public transit split is 2. 733 1, ranking first in urban traffic system indices, which indicates the lower distribution rate of transit passenger flow and the unbalanced space distribution of residence and employment are two key factors that block the harmonious development between urban traffic and land use in Beijing.
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Key words:
- urban traffic /
- land use /
- harmonious relationship /
- DEA
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表 1 不同指标体系下的评价结果
Table 1. Evaluation results under different Indices systems
年份 协调指数 初始结果 去掉X1 去掉X2 去掉X3 去掉Y1 去掉Y2 去掉Y3 去掉Y4 去掉Y5 1990 θ 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 θ′ 0.969 2 0.903 4 0.960 0 0.948 8 0.950 2 0.928 9 0.887 9 0.900 4 0.967 9 1991 θ 1.000 0 1.000 0 0.960 2 0.946 3 0.950 4 0.941 5 1.000 0 0.957 8 0.938 0 θ′ 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1992 θ 1.000 0 0.981 1 0.981 0 0.903 2 0.980 1 0.985 8 0.987 4 0.988 5 0.929 3 θ′ 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 0.996 0 1.000 0 1993 θ 0.974 3 0.964 0 0.943 2 0.905 3 0.950 9 0.971 8 0.950 6 0.961 7 0.942 2 θ′ 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1994 θ 0.921 8 0.920 7 0.902 9 0.805 2 0.913 3 0.921 8 0.921 8 0.917 2 0.903 3 θ′ 1.000 0 0.977 4 1.000 0 1.000 0 0.984 2 0.934 1 0.996 5 0.944 8 1.000 0 1995 θ 0.899 2 0.893 7 0.884 2 0.801 7 0.872 6 0.885 3 0.861 2 0.881 6 0.704 1 θ′ 0.923 8 0.801 2 0.923 7 0.879 0 0.879 1 0.701 4 0.815 8 0.755 6 0.923 0 1996 θ 0.934 1 0.932 1 0.930 0 0.763 2 0.921 7 0.934 1 0.928 8 0.933 4 0.711 8 θ′ 0.901 8 0.793 5 0.901 7 0.822 4 0.802 5 0.602 6 0.781 3 0.692 5 0.891 9 1997 θ 0.725 2 0.720 1 0.716 3 0.514 9 0.703 1 0.724 9 0.712 3 0.713 1 0.688 2 θ′ 0.834 5 0.789 4 0.829 5 0.812 4 0.775 1 0.615 4 0.701 7 0.634 1 0.828 1 1998 θ 0.801 2 0.787 1 0.770 0 0.704 6 0.736 9 0.801 2 0.789 2 0.801 1 0.711 1 θ′ 0.830 4 0.713 4 0.830 3 0.830 1 0.730 4 0.609 8 0.648 1 0.609 8 0.812 9 1999 θ 0.790 3 0.772 9 0.772 4 0.687 3 0.774 8 0.790 3 0.761 3 0.790 0 0.688 0 θ′ 0.771 6 0.703 3 0.770 9 0.771 6 0.657 8 0.580 2 0.602 8 0.593 7 0.764 6 2000 θ 0.947 8 0.901 9 0.723 8 0.721 7 0.943 2 0.947 6 0.932 5 0.940 8 0.830 3 θ′ 0.897 6 0.812 2 0.897 4 0.887 0 0.810 3 0.704 9 0.752 2 0.722 4 0.860 4 2001 θ 0.902 0 0.900 8 0.893 8 0.782 4 0.892 7 0.901 8 0.898 1 0.901 8 0.793 2 θ′ 0.923 9 0.823 7 0.923 3 0.923 3 0.839 4 0.770 9 0.810 5 0.772 8 0.902 8 2002 θ 0.986 9 0.946 6 0.924 1 0.791 0 0.977 3 0.986 5 0.927 3 0.926 5 0.802 2 θ′ 0.982 4 0.801 9 0.981 3 0.982 4 0.812 4 0.769 9 0.797 2 0.773 2 0.893 0 2003 θ 0.992 7 0.990 4 0.987 4 0.618 8 0.899 3 0.962 0 0.916 3 0.899 6 0.705 8 θ′ 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 2004 θ 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 θ′ 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 2005 θ 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 θ′ 0.993 4 0.990 2 0.993 4 0.992 7 0.992 6 0.983 5 0.992 8 0.982 7 0.993 0 
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表 2 各决策单元的Sj(i)与Sj′(i)值
Table 2. Values of Sj(i) and Sj′(i) for Every DMU
指标序号i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 指标 人口密度X1 交通用地面积X2 就业岗位与居住人口比X3 公交流量Y1 公交承担率Y2 常规公交运营里程Y3 轨道交通运营里程Y4 人均出行距离Y5 1990 S1(i) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 S1′(i) 0.072 8 0.009 6 0.021 5 0.020 0 0.043 4 0.091 6 0.076 4 0.001 3 1991 S2(i) 0.000 0 0.041 4 0.056 7 0.052 2 0.062 1 0.000 0 0.044 1 0.066 1 S2′(i) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 1992 S3(i) 0.019 3 0.019 4 0.107 2 0.020 3 0.014 4 0.012 8 0.011 6 0.076 1 S3′(i) 0.0000 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.004 0 0.000 0 1993 S4(i) 0.010 7 0.033 0 0.076 2 0.024 6 0.002 6 0.024 9 0.013 1 0.034 1 S4′(i) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 1994 S5(i) 0.001 2 0.020 9 0.144 8 0.009 3 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.005 0 0.020 5 S5′(i) 0.023 1 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.016 1 0.070 5 0.003 5 0.058 4 0.000 0 1995 S6(i) 0.006 2 0.017 0 0.121 6 0.030 5 0.015 7 0.044 1 0.020 0 0.277 1 S6′(i) 0.153 0 0.000 1 0.051 0 0.050 8 0.317 1 0.132 4 0.222 6 0.000 9 1996 S7(i) 0.002 1 0.004 4 0.223 9 0.013 5 0.000 0 0.005 7 0.000 7 0.312 3 S7′(i) 0.136 5 0.000 1 0.096 5 0.123 7 0.496 5 0.154 2 0.302 2 0.011 1 1997 S8(i) 0.007 1 0.012 4 0.408 4 0.031 4 0.000 4 0.018 1 0.017 0 0.053 8 S8′(i) 0.057 1 0.006 0 0.027 2 0.076 6 0.356 0 0.189 3 0.316 0 0.007 7 1998 S9(i) 0.017 9 0.040 5 0.137 1 0.087 3 0.000 0 0.015 2 0.000 1 0.126 7 S9′(i) 0.164 0 0.000 1 0.000 4 0.136 9 0.361 8 0.281 3 0.361 8 0.021 5 1999 S10(i) 0.022 5 0.023 2 0.149 9 0.020 0 0.000 0 0.038 1 0.000 4 0.148 7 S10′(i) 0.097 1 0.000 9 0.000 0 0.173 0 0.329 9 0.280 0 0.299 6 0.009 2 2000 S11(i) 0.050 9 0.309 5 0.313 3 0.004 9 0.000 2 0.016 4 0.007 4 0.141 5 S11′(i) 0.105 1 0.000 2 0.012 0 0.107 7 0.273 4 0.1933 0.242 5 0.043 2 2001 S12(i) 0.001 3 0.009 2 0.152 9 0.010 4 0.000 2 0.004 3 0.000 2 0.137 2 S12′(i) 0.121 6 0.000 6 0.000 6 0.100 7 0.198 5 0.139 9 0.195 5 0.023 4 2002 S13(i) 0.042 6 0.068 0 0.247 7 0.009 8 0.000 4 0.064 3 0.065 2 0.230 2 S13′(i) 0.225 1 0.001 1 0.000 0 0.209 3 0.276 0 0.232 3 0.276 0 0.100 1 2003 S14(i) 0.002 3 0.005 4 0.604 2 0.103 9 0.031 9 0.083 4 0.103 5 0.406 5 S14′(i) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 2004 S15(i) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 S15′(i) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 2005 S16(i) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 S16′(i) 0.003 2 0.000 0 0.000 7 0.000 8 0.010 1 0.000 6 0.010 9 0.000 4 Sj(i) 0.184 1 0.604 2 2.743 9 0.418 0 0.128 0 0.327 3 0.288 3 2.030 7 S′j(i) 1.158 8 0.018 9 0.209 9 1.015 7 2.733 1 1.698 4 2.360 6 0.218 8
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