Relationship between information quantity and visual cognition of traffic guide sign
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摘要: 为了确定指路标志合理路名数, 在室内模拟实验基础上, 运用EMR-HM8眼动仪, 分析了交通指路标志信息量与视认反应时间的定量关系, 对比了目标路名指路标志与非目标路名指路标志视认性。发现指路标志视认的一般规律: 当路名数为2~7个时, 视认反应时间不超过2.50s, 且与指路标志路名数呈显著线性正相关; 目标路名标志视认时间明显小于非目标路名标志的, 平均差值为0.52s。提出了城市道路指路标志视认反应时间的建议取值: 路名数不大于5, 且车速小于50km·h-1时, 可采用2.00s的视认反应时间; 路名数大于5, 或车速不小于50km·h-1, 可采用2.50s的视认反应时间; 指路标志路名数以不超过5个为宜。Abstract: In order to ascertain the rational road name number of traffic guide sign, using EMR-HM8 eye tracker system, the relationship between information quantity and visual cognition of traffic guide sign was analyzed based on many indoor simulation experiments, visual cognition of guide sign with target road name was compared with that with non-target road name. Analysis result shows that when the road name number of guide sign is 2~7, the reaction time of visual cognition is less than 2.50 s and it has significantly linear positive relationship with road name number; the visual cognition time of target road name sign is less than that of non-target road name sign obviously, and their average difference is 0.52 s. The suggested value of visual cognition reaction time is 2.00 s when road name number is less than 5 and the vehicle speed is not bigger than 50 km·h-1; the suggested value is 2.50 s in other condition; the rational road name number of guide sign is less than 5.
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Key words:
- traffic engineering /
- guide sign /
- information quantity /
- visual cognition /
- reaction time
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图 3 路名数与视认时间关系
Figure 3. Relations between road name numbers and visual cognition times
表 1 视认顺序权重
Table 1. Weights of visual cognition sequences
路名数 权重(首先视认比率) ni 上方 左方 右方 下方 2 1.07(92.9%) 1.93(7.1%) 28 3 1.50(55.6%) 1.83(33.3%) 2.67(11.1%) 54 4 1.68(72.2%) 2.44(16.7%) 2.44(5.6%) 3.40(5.6%) 36 5 1.21(82.6%) 2.54(25.0%) 2.79(12.5%) 3.46(12.5%) 46 6 1.83(50.0%) 2.50(25.0%) 2.50(16.7%) 3.17(8.3%) 24 7 1.00(80.0%) 2.40(10.0%) 3.00(5.0%) 3.60(5.0%) 16 平均 1.43(71.2%) 2.47(15.1%) 2.68(7.9%) 3.41(5.8%) 
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表 2 非目标路名视认时间
Table 2. Visual cognition times of non-target road names
路名数 上方 左方 右方 下方 总视认时间/s 方位路名数 视认时间/s 方位路名数 视认时间/s 方位路名数 视认时间/s 视认时间/s 2 1 0.393 0.562 0.955 3 1 0.239 1 0.323 0.417 0.979 4 1 0.260 1 0.288 1 0.396 0.485 1.429 5 2 0.445 1 0.283 1 0.350 0.357 1.435 6 2 0.604 2 0.592 1 0.258 0.313 1.767 7 2 0.581 2 0.521 2 0.463 0.483 2.048
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表 3 目标路名视认时间
Table 3. Visual cognition times of target road names
路名数 有效样本数 搜索时间/s 停留时间/s 视认时间/s 动作时间/s 视认反应时间/s 2 15 0.286 0.281 0.567 0.469 1.036 3 14 0.383 0.245 0.628 0.472 1.100 4 15 0.715 0.241 0.956 0.382 1.338 5 13 0.720 0.249 0.969 0.517 1.486 6 13 1.060 0.264 1.324 0.358 1.682 7 14 1.109 0.244 1.353 0.466 1.819 合计 平均值 0.712 0.254 0.966 0.444 1.410 P85 1.217(0.933) 0.417(0.433) 1.433(0.933) 0.650(0.674) 1.966(1.667) P95 1.433(1.203) 0.600(0.654) 1.750(1.417) 0.734(0.723) 2.150(1.853) 注: 平均值是取全体样本平均值; P85、P95分别指全体样本各项时间的85%与95%分位; P85、P95各项中括号内为取路名数不大于5样本所得各项时间, 括号外为取路名数不大于7样本所得各项时间。
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