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摘要: 为了使设计减振器对车辆具有最佳减振效果, 利用悬架最佳阻尼比, 对减振器最佳阻尼系数进行了研究, 建立了减振器最佳速度特性数学模型, 提出了减振器阀系参数设计优化方法, 对设计减振器进行了特性试验和整车振动试验, 并与原车载减振器性能进行了对比。计算结果表明: 减振器特性试验值与最佳阻尼匹配要求值的最大偏差为9%, 而且, 在低频范围内, 设计减振器的整车振动传递函数幅值明显低于原车载减振器的幅值, 有效遏制了簧下质量在13Hz附近的共振, 因此, 减振器速度特性模型和阀系参数优化设计方法是正确的。Abstract: In order to design optimum shock absorber for vehicle, its optimal damping coefficients were studied according to the optimization damping ratio of suspension, a mathematic model of its velocity characteristic was built, an optimal design method of its valves parameters was put forward, its performance and whole vehicle vibration tests were carried out, and its performances were compared with that of original shock absorber. Computation result shows that the maximum warp between testing values and optimal requiring values is 9%, the transfer function values of whole vehicle vibration with designed shock absorbers are lower than that with original shock absorbers in the scope of low frequency, the resonance hereabout 13 Hz is depressed, so the model and method are feasible.
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表 1 速度特性值
Table 1. Characteristic values of speeds
速度V/(m·s-1) -1.0 -0.1 0 0.3 1.0 阻尼力F/N -656.3 -209.5 0 629.8 1 543.7 
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表 2 参数优化设计值
Table 2. Optimum design values of parameters
设计参数 A/mm2 h/mm fk0/mm δmax/mm 复原阀 0.90 0.277 6 0.034 0.06 压缩阀 1.33 0.164 0 0.150 0.21
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表 3 速度特性试验值
Table 3. Testing values of speed characteristic
速度V/(m·s-1) -1.0 -0.1 0 0.3 1.0 阻尼力F/N -690 -190 0 608 1 539
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