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摘要: 为准确评价航空公司竞争力, 提出了多级模糊综合评价方法, 分析了航空公司竞争力的含义与影响因素, 建立了网络型航空公司竞争力评价指标体系, 运用层次分析法确定各层次指标权重。确定指标隶属度时, 定性指标采用模糊统计法, 数量化指标分为正向指标、适中指标与负向指标分别予以确定。分析结果表明: 评价指标体系科学合理, 多级模糊综合评价方法能够很好地解决评价指标与评价等级判定的模糊性问题, 评价结果能够客观地反映航空公司竞争力的总体水平, 航空公司可以根据评价结果有针对性地进行竞争力的培育与建设工作。Abstract: In order to evaluate airline's competitiveness exactly, a multilevel-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was proposed, the denotation of airline's competitiveness and its effect factors were analyzed, and a competitiveness evaluation index system of network airline was built, in which the weights of evaluation indices were determined by analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The membership grades of qualitative indices were determined with statistical method of fuzziness, positive index, neutral index and negative index were applied to define the membership grades of quantitative indices. Analysis result indicates that the system is reasonable, the method can resolve the fuzzinesses of evaluation indices and rating levels appropriately, the evaluation result can reflect the general level of airline's competitiveness objectively, and the airline can cultivate its competitiveness exactly according to the result.
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表 1 RI值
Table 1. RI values
阶数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RI 0.000 0.000 0.580 0.901 1.120 1.240 1.320 1.410 1.450 
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表 2 评价指标体系权重
Table 2. Weights of evaluation index system
准则层 准则层权重 指标层 指标层权重 运营规模U1 0.094 可用吨公里u11 0.271 总资产u12 0.609 总周转量u13 0.120 运营管理U2 0.112 单位员工运输吨公里u21 0.118 飞机日利用率u22 0.322 枢纽市场控制能力u23 0.560 航线网络U3 0.193 网络连通性u31 0.376 网络密度u32 0.396 网络平均航线距离u33 0.228 服务质量U4 0.253 空中服务水平u41 0.310 地面服务水平u42 0.207 安全水平u43 0.483 生产效益U5 0.348 单位可用吨公里成本u51 0.270 单位运输吨公里收入u52 0.313 资产利润率u53 0.417
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表 3 各评价指标隶属度
Table 3. Membership grades of evaluation indices
指标 等级 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 可用吨公里u11 0.07 0.12 0.23 0.58 0.00 总资产u12 0.04 0.17 0.41 0.38 0.00 总周转量u13 0.11 0.17 0.47 0.25 0.00 单位员工运输吨公里u21 0.18 0.32 0.41 0.09 0.00 飞机日利用率u22 0.11 0.12 0.34 0.22 0.11 枢纽市场控制能力u23 0.09 0.13 0.37 0.21 0.20 网络连通性u31 0.16 0.27 0.41 0.11 0.05 网络密度u32 0.07 0.21 0.40 0.17 0.15 网络平均航线距离u33 0.00 0.08 0.37 0.41 0.14 空中服务水平u41 0.00 0.31 0.39 0.17 0.13 地面服务水平u42 0.00 0.32 0.41 0.20 0.07 安全水平u43 0.23 0.64 0.13 0.00 0.00 单位可用吨公里成本u51 0.17 0.21 0.21 0.40 0.01 单位运输吨公里收入u52 0.15 0.32 0.35 0.10 0.08 资产利润率u53 0.14 0.26 0.37 0.17 0.06
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