Effect of bracing stiffness on property of friction and wear with electrical current
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摘要: 在CETR UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机上, 用自行设计的夹具, 研究了支撑刚度对钢铝复合轨与受电靴摩擦副之间的载流摩擦磨损特性的影响, 测量了法向力随时间的变化曲线与受电靴的磨损质量和弹簧在加、卸载过程中的变形能, 分析了变形能与载流摩擦磨损特性之间的关系。分析结果表明: 随着载荷的降低, 载荷振幅均增大; 弹性支撑时的载荷振幅和磨损质量总体上较刚性支撑的小; 弹簧的摩擦耗能与变形能的比值越大, 吸振能力越强, 载荷振幅越小, 载流磨损质量越低。可见, 弹性支撑能降低载荷的振幅, 保证良好的受流, 选择合适的加载范围和一定刚度的弹簧支撑能有效地降低电弧烧蚀带来的材料损失, 延长摩擦副的使用寿命。Abstract: In order to prolong the use life of frictional pair, the effect of bracing stiffness on the tribological characteristic of aluminum-stainless steel composite conductor rail and collector shoe with electrical current was studied by using the modified jig of CETR UMT-2 tester, normal forces changing with time, the wear mass losses of collector shoe specimens and the deformation energy of spring during loading and unloading process were measured, and the relation between the energy and the characteristic was analyzed.The result shows that the vibration amplitude of normal force increases with the decrease of normal force; the vibration amplitude of normal force and the wear mass loss in elastic bracing system are less than those in rigid bracing system; the larger the ratio of frictional energy to deformation energy for spring is, the stronger the ability of absorbing vibration is, the lower the vibration amplitude is, and the less the wear mass loss is.Obviously, elastic bracing decreases the vibration amplitude of normal force, and ensures better traction power supply, so the appropriate range of normal force and the rational stiffness of spring are necessary to decrease the wear mass loss induced by arc erosion, and to prolong the wear life of frictional pair.
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表 1 不锈钢带的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of stainless steel strip
Cr含量/% Si含量/% C含量/% S含量/% Fe含量/% 硬度 18.00 ≤0.75 ≤0.12 ≤0.03 ≥81.10 173 HV 
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表 2 受电靴的化学成分
Table 2. Chemical compositions of collector shoe
C含量/% Cu含量/% 硬度 61.4 38.6 36 HRC
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表 3 弹簧参数
Table 3. Springs parameters
型号 刚度K/(N·mm-1) 材料 YA 0.8×7×35 0.18 1Cr18Ni9Ti YA 1.0×7×35 0.55
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