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摘要: 研究了各种抓斗卸船机生产率计算方法, 对比分析了其优缺点和适用场合, 基于机械性能计算方法, 提出了抓斗卸船机性能评估新方法。建立了测试记录有效性准则, 定义了一些修正系数, 以有效消除物料、工况等不确定性因素的影响。计算结果表明: 自动作业模式与人工作业模式相比, 额定生产率提升率为3.12%, 实际生产率综合提升率为7.97%, 因此, 新方法评估结果准确合理, 并易于实现不同作业模式间的自动化程度对比分析。Abstract: The productivity calculation methods of different grab ship unloaders were analyzed, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability were compared, a new performance evaluation method was presented based on mechanical performance calculation approaches.The validity rules of testing record were established, some modified coefficients were defined to eliminate the influence of uncertain factors such as material attributes and operation conditions.Calculation result shows that the rating productivity of automatic operation mode is increased by 3.12% than that of manumal mode, and actual productivity is increased by 7.97%, so the evaluation result is acturate, and the new method can easily compare the automation degrees of different manipulation modes.
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表 1 测试结果
Table 1. Evaluation results
测试项目 人工 自动 卸船测试总时间Tu/s 2 353.27 2 237.79 累计有效卸船净时∑Tvu/s 1 820.64 1 858.35 累计无效卸船净时∑Tiu/s 240.37 206.71 累计卸船辅助时间∑Tau/s 292.26 172.73 平均单次有效卸船载荷Wa/t 30.29 31.02 有效工作循环次数Nv 36 37 物料密度ρc/(t·m-3) 1.916 8 1.916 8 物料修正系数ηmat 1.00 1.00 工况修正系数ηe 1.00 1.00 卸船机额定起重量Lu/t 50.29 51.02 卸船机峰值起重量Lu-max/t 52.61 52.58 卸船辅助时间比例Sau/% 12.42 7.72 平均单次有效工作循环耗时Tpv/s 50.57 50.23 每小时有效工作循环数Nhv 71.18 71.68 额定卸船生产率Q′/(t·h-1) 2 156.16 2 223.40 自动卸船额定生产率相对提升率Ppru/% 3.12 自动卸船实际生产率综合提升率Ppcu/% 7.97 
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[1] 赵海炎. 桥式抓斗卸船机生产率分析[J]. 重工与起重技术, 2007, 4(2): 16-17.ZHAO Hai-yan. Productivity analysis on bridge grab shipunloader[J]. Heavy Industrial and Hoisting Machinery, 2007, 4(2): 16-17. (in Chinese) [2] 严立, 朱新河, 严志军, 等. 面向21世纪的交通运输机械设备维修现状与展望[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2001, 1(2): 47-51. http://transport.chd.edu.cn/article/id/200102013YAN Li, ZHU Xin-he, YAN Zhi-jun, et al. The status and prospect of transportation machine equipment repairing in 21th century[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2001, 1(2): 47-51. (in Chinese) http://transport.chd.edu.cn/article/id/200102013 [3] 翟琳. 抓斗卸船机生产率的合理计算[J]. 港口科技动态, 1998, 20(1): 9-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GKKJ199801003.htmZHAI Lin. Rational calculation on productivity of grab shipunloader[J]. Science and Technology of Ports, 1998, 20(1): 9-11. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GKKJ199801003.htm [4] GB/T3811—1983, 起重机设计规范[S]. [5] GB 5905—1986, 起重机试验规范和程序[S]. [6] GB/T14838—2001, 港口起重机验收试验规则[S]. [7] JIS B8809—2004, calculationfor unloading capacity of unloader[S]. [8] 徐大伟. 谈抓斗卸船机的实际生产率[J]. 上海港科技, 2000(2): 1-3.XU Da-wei. Discussion on actual productivity of grab shipunloader[J]. Shanghai Port Technology, 2000(2): 1-3. (in Chinese) [9] 李路妹, 王悦民. 双料斗桥式抓斗卸船机的计算[J]. 起重运输机械, 2007(7): 48-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0785.2007.07.017LI Lu-mei, WANG Yue-min. Calculation of double-hopper grab ship unloader[J]. Hoisting and Conveying Machinery, 2007(7): 48-52. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0785.2007.07.017 [10] 真虹. 第四代港口的概念及其推行方式[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2005, 5(4): 90-95. http://transport.chd.edu.cn/article/id/200504019ZHEN Hong. Conception of fourth generation port and itsi mplementation methods[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2005, 5(4): 90-95. (in Chinese) http://transport.chd.edu.cn/article/id/200504019 [11] 肖汉斌, 雷新华, 王小平, 等. 上海港罗泾矿石码头装卸装备单机与综合作业能力测试检验报告[R]. 武汉: 武汉港口机械质量监督检验测试中心, 2008. -
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