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摘要: 为降低由于碰撞波形梁护栏端头引起的乘员伤亡, 参考国内外相关标准, 依据中国的交通流特性, 提出波形梁护栏端头的碰撞试验条件和评价标准, 采用有限元仿真分析和实车足尺碰撞试验相结合的技术手段, 开发出一种满足评价标准的新型波形梁护栏端头。计算结果表明: 开发的新型波形梁护栏端头利用卷曲波形梁吸收车辆动能, 能够有效避免波形梁插入车体和翻车事故的发生, 车体重心加速度小于20g, 保护了乘员安全, 同时能够为标准段护栏提供足够约束力, 保证标准段护栏的正常防护能力。护栏端头满足评价标准的要求, 可为失控车辆提供安全防护。Abstract: In order to reduce the serious accidents caused by impacting W-beam guardrail terminal, the properties of traffic flow were analyzed, the impact test methods and acceptance criteria for the terminal were brought out based on referring to correlative domestic and overseas standards, a new type of W-beam guardrail terminal was developed by using finite element analysis and full-scale impact tests, which meets acceptance criteria. It is pointed that passengers can be protected for that the acceleration of vehicle gravity center is less than 20 g by rolling W-beam to absorb accident car's kinetic energy, which keeps W-beam from piercing into car or accident car from turning over, and the containment level of standard section for barrier is guaranteed by enough restraining force at the guardrail terminal. The result indicates that the performances of the terminal meet acceptance criteria and can protect accident vehicles.
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表 1 碰撞条件
Table 1. Impact conditions
碰撞车辆 碰撞速度/(km·h-1) 碰撞角度和碰撞点 1.5 t小客车 100 垂直碰撞端头前端, 车辆中心 10.0 t大型车 60 20°碰撞, 护栏正常段与端头段接合处 表 2 端头评价结果
Table 2. Evaluation result of terminal
检测项目 评价指标 试验检测和有限元分析结果 有限元 试验 结构要求 护栏板、端头不得侵入车厢内部 符合要求 符合要求 车辆姿态 车辆不驶入相邻车道, 并禁止翻车 符合要求 符合要求 车体加速度 三方向加速度10 ms平均值最大值不大于20g x向 符合要求(11.9g) 符合要求(12.5g) y向 符合要求(6.0g) 符合要求(8.1g) z向 符合要求(14.8g) 符合要求(15.0g) 表 3 护栏评价结果
Table 3. Evaluation result of barrier
检测项目 评价指标 试验检测和有限元分析结果 有限元 试验 防撞性能 禁止车辆穿越、翻越、骑跨、下穿护栏 符合要求 符合要求 护栏和车辆碰撞碎片不侵入驾驶室内及阻挡驾驶员视线 符合要求 符合要求 驶出角度 驶出角度应小于碰撞角度的60% 符合要求(4.9°) 符合要求(6.3°) 车辆行驶状态 碰撞后车辆没有发生横转、调头、翻车现象 符合要求 符合要求 最大动态变形 护栏最大动态变形量不大于750 mm 符合要求(661 mm) 符合要求(701 mm) -
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