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摘要: 为了准确评价铁路出行信息的传递水平, 基于出行链, 分析了铁路旅客出行行为特性, 建立了铁路旅客出行信息搜寻模型。基于出行决策特征, 分析了旅客的出行信息需求, 描述了出行全过程的信息需求强度分布, 利用物元分析方法建立了出行信息传递指数模型, 以评价出行信息传递水平。评价结果表明: 中国铁路客运出行信息传递处于一般水平, 旅客进行出行信息搜寻的便捷性较差, 已对旅客出行满意度造成显著影响, 因此, 必须改进目前的出行信息传递模式, 积极推进公众出行信息服务系统的建设, 以提高出行信息的传递水平。Abstract: In order to evaluate the transmission effectiveness of railway travel information accurately, the travel behavior of railway passenger was analyzed based on travel chain, and a searching model of travel information was proposed. Travel information demand was analyzed in detail based on travel decision-making characteristics, and the demand intensity distribution of travel information in whole travel process was described. Matter-element analysis method was used to build a transmission index model for the transmission effectiveness assessment. Evaluation result indicates that the transmission effectiveness of Chinese railway travel information is approximating to general level, travel information searching inconvenience has significant effect on travel satisfaction, therefore, the present transmission model of railway travel information must be improved, and public travel information service systems should be construct rapidly to improve the transmission effectiveness.
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表 1 出行信息需求
Table 1. Travel information demands
信息需求类型 出行信息类别 出行信息需求具体内容 出行前信息 票务信息 票价与购票地点、购票期限等 时刻信息 列车时刻表、候车与进站时刻等 站点信息 所经站名、路网衔接状态与主要换乘站点等 出行中信息 车站信息 引导乘车信息 车站布局引导、乘车方向引导、服务引导与警告性引导等 列车运行信息 列车到离车站时刻、运行正点信息与行程时间信息等 服务信息 车站服务信息与列车拥挤程度(是否有座位)等 换乘信息 换乘地点信息、换乘衔接车次信息与换乘票务信息等 列车信息 列车运行信息 运行正点信息、到离车站时刻及站名、行程时间信息等 换乘信息 换乘车站信息、换乘衔接车次信息与换乘票务信息等 紧急信息 出现事故及特殊事件的相关疏散信息等 服务信息 补票及座席更改服务信息与餐饮服务信息等 个性化信息 目的地综合信息 目的地社会经济概况信息、食宿信息与公共交通换乘信息等 沿线景观信息 沿线旅游景点介绍与转乘信息等 天气信息 天气状况与预报信息 新闻及娱乐信息 新闻信息与休闲娱乐信息等 
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表 2 出行信息传递指数模型
Table 2. Index model of travel information transmission
一级指标ci与权重qi 二级指标cil与权重qil cil得分 ci得分 出行前信息传递(0.18) 出行信息搜寻便捷程度(0.30) 66 71 出行信息获取量(0.34) 68 出行信息的准确性(0.36) 77 出发车站信息传递(0.21) 出行信息搜寻便捷程度(0.30) 82 81 出行信息获取量(0.34) 76 出行信息的准确性(0.36) 84 列车信息传递(0.27) 出行信息搜寻便捷程度(0.30) 64 72 出行信息获取量(0.34) 72 出行信息的准确性(0.36) 80 转乘车站信息传递(0.23) 出行信息搜寻便捷程度(0.30) 65 71 出行信息获取量(0.34) 70 出行信息的准确性(0.36) 78 目的地车站信息传递(0.11) 出行信息搜寻便捷程度(0.30) 81 80 出行信息获取量(0.34) 76 出行信息的准确性(0.36) 84
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表 3 关联度计算结果
Table 3. Computational result of relation degrees
关联度 N1 N2 N3 N4 Kj(v1) -0.121 2 0.450 0 -0.171 4 -0.472 7 Kj(v2) 0.050 0 0.266 7 -0.366 7 -0.577 8 Kj(v3) -0.164 2 0.400 0 -0.200 0 -0.440 0 Kj(v4) -0.121 2 0.400 0 -0.171 4 -0.500 0 Kj(v5) 0.000 0 0.250 0 -0.333 3 -0.636 4 Kj(N) -0.083 5 0.364 5 -0.238 0 -0.510 2
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