Load-shedding method based on suction effect to improve wind drag of high-speed train
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摘要: 为了提高列车在大风中运行的安全性, 利用抽吸气法控制列车绕流边界层分离, 以减小横风气动力。以中国CRH型高速列车为原型, 在车体内设计了腔室, 并通过条缝与列车表面相连, 使列车表面的绕流经列车表面条缝流入腔室内, 形成抽吸效应。研究结果表明: 抽吸气腔室和条缝的设置能够在列车高速行驶时产生低于车体外部绕流的压力, 有效地控制边界层的分离和减小列车的横风气动力。条缝倾角对气动减载效果有明显影响, 当条缝倾角为30°时, 总阻力的减载幅度可达7.21%;头车、中间车与尾车的横向力分别减载4.85%、2.71%与90.48%;头车、中间车与尾车的升力分别减载8.21%、12.56%与7.69%;头车、中间车与尾车的倾覆力矩减载幅度分别为5.29%、8.84%与57.56%。条缝倾角对不同车段气动减载率的影响不同, 尾车受条缝倾角影响的程度最大。Abstract: In order to improve the safety of train in crosswind, a new method for safety control using suction effect was discussed to control the separation of airflow boundary layers and to decrease the crosswind aerodynamic force on train. Taking CRH high-speed train of China as prototype, the pumping chambers were added in train body, and the outer surface of train was connected with pumping chambers by slots. When train was running at high speed, airflow was sucked into pumping chambers through slots to form suction effect. Analysis result indicates that the installing of pumping chambers and slots can make the pressure inside train lower than its outside airflow pressure when train is running at high speed. The separation of airflow boundary layers can be effectively controlled. The crosswind aerodynamic force on train decreases. Slot inclination angle has significant effect on decreasing crosswind aerodynamic force. When inclination angle is 30°, the decrease of total resistance is 7.21%. The decrease of lateral force is 4.85% for the first vehicle, 2.71% for the middle vehicle, and 90.48% for the last vehicle. The decrease of lift is 8.21% for the first vehicle, 12.56% for the middle vehicle, and 7.69% for the last vehicle. The decrease of overturning moment is 5.29% for the first vehicle, 8.84% for the middle vehicle, and 57.56% for the last vehicle. Slot inclination angle has different effects on the aerodynamic load-shedding rates of different vehicles. The impact of slot inclination angle on the last vehicle is greatest.
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Key words:
- high-speed train /
- wind drag /
- load-shedding method /
- suction effect /
- aerodynamic characteristic /
- crosswind
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图 1 气体绕流管道的内、外流的速度和压力沿程变化
Figure 1. Changes of velocity and pressure of airflow inside and outside pipes along pipeline
图 4 横风作用下的列车气动力与力矩
Figure 4. Aerodynamic forces and moments of train under crosswind condition
图 5 无风时管腔内的压力与条缝外的压力
Figure 5. Pressures of internal chambers and external slots without crosswind
图 6 中间车S9截面的压力和速度分布
Figure 6. Pressure and velocity distributions of section S9of middle vehicle
图 7 尾车上S12截面的压力和速度分布
Figure 7. Pressure and velocity distributions of section S12 of last vehicle
图 11 中间车上S7截面的压力和速度分布
Figure 11. Pressure and velocity distributions of section S7of middle vehicle
图 12 有风时管腔内的压力与条缝外的压力对比
Figure 12. Pressure comparison of internal chambers and external slots under crosswind condition
图 13 不同条缝方案的减载效果对比
Figure 13. Comparison of load-shedding effects of different slot projects
图 14 条缝方案在不同横风风速下的减载效果对比
Figure 14. Comparison of load-shedding effects of slot projects at different crosswind speeds
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