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摘要: 分析了中国交通运输数据标准的编制现状和管理现状, 将交通运输数据标准分为管理标准、数据定义标准、交换标准和接口实现标准4类。分析了数据在产生、存储、交换以及应用环节的标准化需求, 并与编制现状进行了对比分析。论述了交通运输数据标准管理和总体规划、数据定义、数据存储、数据交换和决策支持应用5方面的标准研究现状以及存在的不足。分析结果表明: 当前标准管理和总体规划主要采用自下而上和标委会分别负责的模式, 存在标准归口重叠和总体规划研究不足的问题。在数据定义标准方面, 现有基础标准过于强调满足应用系统的需要, 使得基础标准的基础性不足, 造成数据定义标准缺乏体系。在数据存储方面, 数据存储标准的研究制定尚属空白。在数据交换方面, 各业务系统已经制定一些内部标准, 但尚缺乏一种开放的、系统的共享和交换机制。在决策支持应用方面的研究缺乏针对准确数据、大数据的决策支持方法。建议成立交通信息基础性标准工作组, 加强数据标准的总体规划研究并协调标委会之间的工作; 在标准建设方面应加强顶层设计; 同时应加强交通运输决策支持方法研究。Abstract: The compilation and management statuses of transportation data standards in China were analyzed. Transportation data standards were divided into 4 categories, including management standard, data definition standard, exchange standard and interface implementation standard.The standardization demands were analyzed and contrasted with the existing standards from the aspects of data producing, storage, exchange and application.Research status and deficiency of transportation data standards were discussed from management and overall planning, data definition, data storage, data exchange and decision support application.Analysis result indicates that in present standard management and overall planning, the bottom-up compilation and respective responsibility of informatization professional standard committees (IPSCs) lead to overlap of IPSCs and insufficient of overall planning research.In terms of data definition standards, the existing basic standards put too much emphasis on meeting the needs of application systems, causing the inadequacies of fundamentality of basic standards and the lack of data definition standard system.In terms of data storage, the setting of data storage standards is still blank.In terms of data exchange, the internal standards of each business system are alreadymade, but a systematic and opening mechanism for sharing and exchanging is still not established.In terms of decision support applications, decision support method for accurate data and large data is shortage.It is suggested that traffic information basic standard workshop should be set up to enhance the overall planning research and collaborate with the different IPSCs in management.In standard construction, the top-level design should be enhanced.Meanwhile, the research of transportation decision support method should be strengthened.
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图 3 交通运输数据共享交换标准模型
Figure 3. Standard model of sharing and exchange of transportation data
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