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摘要: 为了研究搁浅船舶的打捞, 计算了船舶扳正过程中搁坐力和纵倾角的变化, 分析了船舶舱室内的自由液面在搁浅船舶扳正过程中的作用。根据搁浅船舶的受力特点, 建立了其力学模型。针对传统搁坐力计算方式的缺点, 利用GHS软件模拟搁浅船舶的扳正过程, 并以某搁浅船舶为例, 求解该过程中各搁坐点的搁坐力、总搁坐力、横倾角和纵倾角。通过仿真模拟, 比较了船舶不同搁浅状态的扳正过程, 分析了搁坐点位置、吃水、船体型线和船舶重力分布对搁浅船舶受力和姿态的影响。分析结果表明: 搁坐点位置相对分散或船体吃水较深时, 船体的纵倾角变化相对较小, 变化量为其他类型的0.1%~2.0%;搁坐点关于船舯非对称产生的总搁坐力变化量相对搁坐点关于船舯对称产生的总搁坐力较小, 前者变化量为后者的35%~65%;舱室内自由液面的存在加大了搁浅船舶打捞的难度, 因此, 在制定打捞方案时应该着重考虑其影响; 施工过程中也应控制搁浅船舶翻转的速度, 避免阻碍扳正工作或对船舶产生进一步的破坏。Abstract: In order to study the salvage of grounding ship, the changes of grounding force and trim angle during righting process were computed.The function of free surface in cabins during righting process was analyzed.The force module of grounding ship was established based on the stress characteristics of grounding ship.Considering the shortcomings of traditional calculation method of grounding force, taking an grounding ship as an example, the grounding force of every grounding point, total grounding force, heel angle and trim angle were calculated during righting process simulated by GHS software.The righting processes of ship with different grounding states were compared through simulation, and the effects of the positions of grounding point, draft, shiplines and weight distribution on the force and attitude of grounding ship were analyzed.Analysis result indicates that for grounding ship with dispersion of grounding point or deep draft, the variation of trim angle is relatively smaller, and is 0.1%-2.0%of that of other situation.The variations of total grounding forces for grounding points which are dissymmetrical about midship are smaller than the variations that the points are symmetric about midship, and the variations of the formers are 35%-65%of the laters.The influence of free surface add more difficulties to wreck salvage, and so it should be emphatically considered in making salvage scheme.The overturn speed of wreck in the project should be controlled in order to avoid blocking of righting progress or further damage to ships.
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Key words:
- wreck salvage /
- grounding ship /
- righting process /
- GHS software /
- hull strength /
- grounding force /
- trim angle
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