-
摘要: 为了比较不同目标条件下的规制措施对收费公路经济变量的影响, 应用福利经济学和规制经济学基本理论, 构建了不同目标条件下的收费公路规制模型, 通过仿真计算, 比较了5种不同规制模型中主要经济变量的差异。分析结果表明: 无规制前提下追求社会福利最大化目标容易导致企业亏损; 收支均衡前提下追求社会福利最大化目标会使通行费价格提高; 无规制前提下追求利润最大化的目标会导致收费公路通行能力下降, 社会福利水平减小; 交通量规制和通行成本规制前提下追求利润最大化目标既有助于提高社会福利水平, 同时也有利于增加企业利润。收费公路的社会福利最大化目标和企业利润最大化目标难以同时实现, 但是政府规制前提下的特许经营模式有利于协调两大目标之间的差异。Abstract: In order to compare the influences of regulation measures on the economic variables of toll roads under different goals, the regulation models of toll roads under different goals were built by using the basic theories of welfare economics and regulation economics, and the differences of major economic variables in five different regulation models were compared by simulation calculation.Analysis result shows that it is easy to lead to business losses under the objective of social welfare maximization with no regulation.The toll price will increase under the objective of social welfare maximization with a breakeven on the finance of toll road.The road capacity and social welfare will decrease under the objective of profit maximization with no regulation.It is helpful to increase not only social welfare but also corporate profit under the objective of profit maximization with traffic volume regulation and travel cost regulation.The objectives of social welfare maximization and profit maximization are difficult to be achieved at the same time, but it is helpful to reconcile the differences between the two goals under toll road concession with government regulation.
-
Key words:
- transportation economy /
- toll road /
- regulation model /
- regulation effect /
- social welfare
-
表 1 参数取值
Table 1. Parameter values
表 2 假设条件1下的计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results under assumption condition 1
表 3 假设条件2下的计算结果
Table 3. Calculation results under assumption condition 2
-
[1] KNIGHT F H. Some fallacies in the interpretation of social cost[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1924, 38(4): 582-606. doi: 10.2307/1884592 [2] MOHRING H. Profit maximization, cost minimization, and pricing for congestion-prone facilities[J]. Logistics and Transportation Review, 1985, 21(1): 27-36. [3] SMALL K A, WINSTON C, EVANS C A. A new highway pricing and investment policy[R]. Washington DC: The Brookings Institution, 1989. [4] MILLS G. Welfare and profit divergence for a tolled link in a road network[J]. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 1995, 29(2): 137-146. [5] VERHOEF E T. Second-best road pricing through highway franchising[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2007, 62(2): 337-361. doi: 10.1016/j.jue.2006.11.001 [6] XIAO Feng, YANG Hai, HAN D. Competition and efficiency of private toll roads[J]. Transportation Research, 2007, 41(3): 292-308. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2006.05.002 [7] YANG Hai, MENG Qiang. Highway pricing and capacity choice in a road network under a build-operate-transfer scheme[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2000, 34(3): 207-222. doi: 10.1016/S0965-8564(99)00001-4 [8] CHEN A, SUBPRASOMB K. Analysis of regulation and policy of private toll roads in a build-operate-transfer scheme under demand uncertainty[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2007, 41(6): 537-558. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2006.11.009 [9] 李晓明, 胡长顺, 曹军念. 收费公路经营及政府公共管制的理论与方法[J]. 中国软科学, 2013(6): 134-142. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGRK200306023.htmLI Xiao-ming, HU Chang-shun. CAO Jun-nian. Analysis of toll road operation and theory and method of government regulation[J]. China Soft Science, 2013(6): 134-142. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGRK200306023.htm [10] CHIEN S, GAO Sheng-yan, MEEGODA J N, et al. Fleet size estimation for spreading operation considering road geometry, weather and traffic[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering: English Edition, 2014, 1(1): 1-12. doi: 10.1016/S2095-7564(15)30084-2 [11] 颜飞, 王建伟. 国有高速公路公司的社会责任与价格管制[J]. 铁道运输与经济, 2012(2): 24-29. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDYS201002008.htmYAN Fei, WANG Jian-wei. The social responsibility and price regulation of state-owned highway companies[J]. Railway Transport and Economy, 2012(2): 24-29. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDYS201002008.htm [12] WANG Jian-qiang, NIU Hui-min. Graded-information feedback strategy in two-route systems under ATIS[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering: English Edition, 2014, 1(2): 138-145. doi: 10.1016/S2095-7564(15)30098-2 [13] 李玉涛. 政策的经济合理性与公众可接受性: 中国收费公路的综合反思[J]. 中国软科学, 2011(3): 56-64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGRK201103007.htmLI Yu-tao. Economic rationality and public acceptability of the policy: a comprehensive reflection Chinese toll roads[J]. China Soft Science, 2011(3): 56-64. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGRK201103007.htm [14] DOUST K. Toward a typology of sustainability for cities[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering: English Edition, 2014, 1(3): 180-195. doi: 10.1016/S2095-7564(15)30102-1 [15] 何寿奎, 傅鸿源. 基于服务质量和成本的公共项目定价机制与效率分析[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2009, 29(9): 47-57. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTLL200909008.htmHE Shou-kui, FU Hong-yuan. Regulation mechanism design and effciency analyses of pulic project in PPP based on sevice quality and operation cost[J]. System Engineering-Theory and Practice, 2009, 29(9): 47-57. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTLL200909008.htm [16] 王燕. 价格规制合同设计中信息租金与配置效率的协调方式[J]. 中国工业经济, 2004(8): 62-67. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GGYY200408008.htmXANG Yan. Coordination modes between information rent and allocation efficiency in the design of incentive regulation contracts[J]. Chinese Industrial Economy, 2004(8): 62-67. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GGYY200408008.htm [17] 周国光. 利用非国有资本加快高速公路建设的理论探索[J]. 长安大学学报: 社会科学版, 2007, 9(1): 1-5. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBJZ200701001.htmZHOU Guo-guang. Theoretical analysis on speeding up the highway construction with non stated-owned capital[J]. Journal of Chang'an University: Social Science Edition, 2007, 9(1): 1-5. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBJZ200701001.htm [18] 杨新征, 陈建华, 王振花. 中国公路货运基础设施建设及经营模式[J]. 长安大学学报: 社会科学版, 2006, 8(4): 15-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBJZ200604003.htmYANG Xin-zheng, CHEN Jian-hua, WANG Zhen-hua. Infrastructure construction and operation model for China's freight transport[J]. Journal of Chang'an University: Social Science Edition, 2006, 8(4): 15-19. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBJZ200604003.htm [19] 杨琦, 郗恩崇. 基于基本属性的高速公路公共政策研究[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2007, 7(1): 122-126. http://transport.chd.edu.cn/article/id/200701025YANG Qi, XI En-chong. Study of expressway public policies based on basic attributes[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2007, 7(1): 122-126. (in Chinese). http://transport.chd.edu.cn/article/id/200701025 [20] 雷晓康. 公共物品的提供模式及政府管制的效率比较[J]. 太原理工大学学报: 社会科学版, 2005, 23(2): 55-59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYLS200502014.htmLEI Xiao-kang. Public goods provision models and the efficiency comparison on government regulation[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology: Social Sciences Edition, 2005, 23(2): 55-59. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYLS200502014.htm [21] 杨琦, 郗恩崇. 高速公路提供与生产的经济学分析[J]. 中国公路学报, 2007, 20(2): 15-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGL200702021.htmYANG Qi, XI En-chong. Economics Analysis for supply and production of freeway[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2007, 20(2): 15-19. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGL200702021.htm [22] 陈传德, 赵文义. 基于级差效益的公路收费定价模型[J]. 长安大学学报: 自然科学版, 2009, 29(4): 39-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XAGL200904008.htmCHEN Chuan-de, ZHAO Wen-yi. Toll road pricing model based on differential benefit[J]. Journal of Chang'an University: Natural Science Edition, 2009, 29(4): 39-42. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XAGL200904008.htm
计量
- 文章访问数: 583
- HTML全文浏览量: 93
- PDF下载量: 622
- 被引次数: 0