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摘要: 建立了公路隧道互补式通风计算模型, 编制了模型计算程序, 研究了大别山特长公路隧道互补式通风运营模式, 提出全射流纵向通风模式、单U型通风模式与双U型通风模式, 分析了3种通风模式转换的控制条件与2条互补式换气横通道的功能。现场测试了运营状态下大别山隧道内污染物浓度, 对比了计算结果与测试结果。分析结果表明: 大别山隧道互补式通风运营模式灵活、实用, 当上坡隧道交通量不超过11 500 pcu·d-1时, 可采用全射流纵向通风模式; 当上坡隧道交通量为11 500~4 100 pcu·d-1时, 可采用单U型通风模式; 当上坡隧道交通量为14 100~8 255 pcu·d-1时, 可采用双U型通风模式。离上坡隧道入口较近的换气横通道的主要作用是减小上坡隧道内的通风量, 降低通风速度, 离上坡隧道入口较远的换气横通道的主要作用是降低上坡隧道内的污染物浓度。采用双U型通风模式降低了离上坡隧道入口较近横通道的换气量, 减小了通风系统能耗与运营费用。模型计算结果与实测结果相对误差绝对值小于10%, 因此, 通风计算模型精度较高, 可应用于互补式通风计算。Abstract: A ventilation calculation model of complementary ventilation system for highway tunnel was established, its calculation program was designed, and the operation modes of complementary ventilation system for Dabieshan Extralong Highway Tunnel were studied.Fulljet longitudinal ventilation mode, single U-type ventilation mode and double U-type ventilation mode were put forward, and their conversional control conditions were analyzed.The functions of two cross ventilation passages in the tunnel were studied.The pollutant concentrations in the operational state of the tunnel were tested and compared with the result calculated by the model.Analysis result shows that the operation modes of complementary ventilation system for Dabieshan Extralong Highway Tunnel are flexible and practical.When the traffic volume of uphill tunnel is less than 11 500 pcu·d-1, full-jet longitudinal ventilation mode is used only.When the traffic volume is within 11 500-14 100 pcu·d-1, single U-type ventilation mode is used only.When the traffic volume is within 14 100-18 255 pcu·d-1, double U-type ventilation mode is used.The main function of cross ventilation passage near to the entrance of uphill tunnel is to reduce the ventilation volume and speed of uphill tunnel, while the main function of cross ventilation passage away from the entrance of uphill tunnel is to reduce the pollutant concentration of uphill tunnel.When double U-type ventilation mode is used, the ventilation volume of cross passage near the entrance of uphill tunnel reduces, which results in that the energy consumption and operating cost of ventilation system decrease.The absolute values of relative errors between the calculation result and the test result are less than 10%, so the proposed model has high precision and can be applied to the calculation of complementary ventilation.
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表 9 B点处污染物浓度达到最大时左线隧道交通量
Table 9. Traffic volumes of left tunnel when pollutant concentration reaches the maximum at point B
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表 10 A点处污染物浓度达到最大时左线隧道交通量
Table 10. Traffic volumes of left tunnel when pollutant concentration reaches the maximum at point A
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表 11 不同交通量下左右线需风量
Table 11. Air requirements of left and right tunnels with different traffic volumes
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表 12 不同交通量时换气量与污染物浓度指标
Table 12. Inter-exchanging air volumes and pollutant concentration indexes with different traffic volumes
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表 13 交通量为28 327 pcu·d-1时换气量与污染物浓度指标
Table 13. Inter-exchanging air volumes and pollutant concentration indexes when traffic volume is 28 327 pcu·d-1
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表 14 交通量为32 213 pcu·d-1时的换气量与污染物浓度指标
Table 14. Inter-exchanging air volumes and pollutant concentration indexes when traffic volume is 32 213 pcu·d-1
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