Evaluation method of fatigue strength for carbody of high-speed train under influence of aerodynamic loads
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摘要: 对比了国内外高速列车车体设计标准中气动载荷的设计要求, 分析了明线会车侧墙压力波, 采用时间积分法, 将车体瞬态压强转化为侧墙气动载荷, 参照标准BS EN 12663-1—2010确定了包括气动载荷的车体疲劳载荷工况, 以某型动车组头车为研究对象, 建立了车体有限元模型, 基于车体Goodman疲劳强度曲线编写了车体疲劳强度后处理程序, 研究了车体疲劳特性。计算结果表明: 在不考虑气动载荷时计算的较大应力幅值出现在底架上, 而在考虑气动载荷时计算的车体较大应力幅值出现在侧墙门角和窗角上, 最大应力幅值为33.63 MPa, 疲劳强度安全系数为2.26, 相对于侧墙, 底架的应力幅值较小, 小于10.00 MPa, 疲劳强度安全系数大于10.00。在垂向载荷作用下, 侧墙最大当量应力为68.17 MPa, 叠加气动载荷后侧墙最大当量应力为85.31 MPa, 应力增大了25.14%, 因此, 气动载荷对侧墙影响较大, 容易导致侧墙发生疲劳失效。可见, 在高速列车车体设计时, 应将气动载荷与其他疲劳载荷相组合对车体疲劳强度进行评定。Abstract: The design requirements of aerodynamic loads in domestic and overseas carbody design standards were compared.The transient pressure waves of carbody sidewall were analyzed when trains passing by each other.The transient pressures were changed into the aerodynamic loads by using time integration method.Based on the code BS EN 12663-1—2010, the fatigue load conditions combined with aerodynamic loads were defined.Taking a head car of EMUs (electric multiple units) as research object, the finite element model of carbody was established.The fatigue characteristic of carbody was analyzed by using the post-processing program based on Goodman curves of carbody fatigue strength.Computation result shows that under considering aerodynamic load conditions, the high-stress amplitudes mostly appear at the door's corners and the window's corners of carbody sidewall, while the high-stress amplitudes mostly appear on underframe without considering aerodynamic loads.Under the fatigue load conditions, themaximum stress amplitude is 33.63 MPa and the fatigue strength safety factor is 2.26 at the corners, while the stress amplitudes are smaller than 10.00 MPa and the safety factors are larger than 10.00 on the underframe.The maximum Von-Mises stress of sidewall is 85.31 MPa with considering aerodynamic loads, and increases by 25.14% compared with 68.17 MPa under only considering vertical loads, so the aerodynamic loads have larger influence on sidewalls and easily result in their fatigue failure.In the carbody design of high-speed train, the fatigue strength of carbody should be evaluated by considering aerodynamic loads.
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Key words:
- high-speed train /
- carbody /
- fatigue strength /
- aerodynamic load /
- Goodman curve /
- finite element analysis
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