电动汽车驱动电机结构参数优化设计

王军年; 刘健; 初亮; 王庆年; 吴坚

电动汽车驱动电机结构参数优化设计

1.
吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室, 吉林长春 130022
2.
长安汽车工程研究院, 重庆 400023

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51205153

吉林省自然科学基金项目 20140101072JC

详细信息

作者简介:
王军年(1981-), 男, 甘肃兰州人, 吉林大学副教授, 工学博士, 从事电动汽车驱动理论与控制技术研究

中图分类号: U469.72
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2016-12-25

Optimal design of driving motor structural parameters for electric vehicle

1.
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
2.
Chang'an Automotive Engineering Institute, Chongqing 400023, China

More Information

Author Bio:
WANG Jun-nian(1981-), male, associate professor, PhD, +86-431-85094866, wjn@jlu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 在研究电动汽车驱动电机参数匹配过程中, 提出了一种驱动电机结构参数优化设计方法。在已知电机基本参数基础上, 分析了电机轴向长度、转子外径、绕组匝数、线径、极弧因数、永磁体厚度等参数对电机效率的影响。建立了电机主要本体结构参数与效率特性的映射关系, 提出了电机本体结构参数的初始设计和优化设计流程。利用优化设计得到的电机效率特性, 通过正向仿真整车模型, 在4种典型工况下进行了整车的经济性仿真验证。仿真结果表明: 在外特性方面, 优化电机相比初始电机的转矩脉动明显降低, 其中恒转矩区域降低为14%, 恒功率区域不超过40%, 且最高效率提升为94%;在整车经济性方面, 优化电机在NEDC、UDDS、JC08、1015工况使整车单位里程能耗分别降低7.1%、6.7%、4.1%、2.9%, 平均为5.2%。可见, 优化设计方法在满足整车动力性需求的前提下, 改善了电机在高效率区间的工作点分布, 显著提高了电机在高转速、低转矩范围的平均效率; 设计方法能更好地提升电机的驱动效率, 为从整车性能要求出发的电动汽车驱动电机本体结构参数优化设计提供理论指导。
- 电动汽车 /
- 驱动电机 /
- 本体设计 /
- 优化设计 /
- 结构参数 /
- 效率特性
Abstract: In the process of parameters matching study of driving motor for electric vehicle, an optimal design method for structural parameters of driving motor was proposed.Based on the basic given motor parameters, the influences of axial length, rotor outer diameter, winding turns, wire diameter, pole arc factor, and permanent magnet thickness on motor efficiency were analyzed.The mapping relationships between the main ontology structural parameters and the efficiency characteristic of the motor were established.The procedures of the preliminary design and the optimal design for the motor ontology structural parameters were proposed.Based on the optimized motor efficiency characteristic, the economic performance of whole vehicle was simulated and verified by using the forward-facing simulation vehicle model under 4typical working conditions.Simulation result shows that in the aspect of output characteristic, compared with the initial motor, the torque ripple of optimized motor reduces obviously, the value in constant torque area reduces to 14%, the value in constant power area reduces to no more than40%, and the top efficiency increases to 94%.In the aspect of whole vehicle economy performance, the energy consumptions per kilometer of optimized motor for whole vehicle reduceby about 7.1%, 6.7%, 4.1%, and 2.9% under NEDC、UDDS、JC08、1015working conditions, and the average value is 5.2%.Under the premise of meeting the driving requirements, the operating point distribution in higher efficiency range is improved, and the average efficiency in the area with higher rotational speed and lower torque rises significantly by using the proposed optimal design method.The design method can better improve the driving efficiency of motor, and can supply the theoretical supervision for the optimal design of driving motor ontology structural parameters according to the requirement of vehicle performance.
- electric vehicle /
- driving motor /
- ontology design /
- optimal design /
- structural parameter /
- efficiency characteristic

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图 1 软件界面

Figure 1. Software interface

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图 2 电机初始模型

Figure 2. Motor preliminary model

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图 3 电机效率与转子轴向长度关系

Figure 3. Relationship between motor efficiency and rotor axial length

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图 4 电机效率与转子外径关系

Figure 4. Relationship between motor efficiency and rotor outer diameter

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图 5 电机效率与绕组匝数关系

Figure 5. Relationship between motor efficiency and winding turns

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图 6 电机效率与线径的关系

Figure 6. Relationship between motor efficiency and wire diameter

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图 7 电机效率与极弧因数的关系

Figure 7. Relationship between motor efficiency and pole arc factor

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图 8 电机效率与永磁体厚度的关系

Figure 8. Relationship between motor efficiency and permanent magnet thickness

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图 9 电机性能与主要本体结构参数的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between motor performance and main ontology structural parameters

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图 10 电机主要本体结构参数设计流程

Figure 10. Design flow of motor main ontology structural parameters

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图 11 定子槽

Figure 11. Stator slot

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图 12 初始电机外特性曲线

Figure 12. External characteristic curves of initial motor

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图 13 初始电机效率脉谱

Figure 13. Efficiency map of initial motor

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图 14 优化电机外特性曲线

Figure 14. External characteristic curves of optimized motor

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图 15 优化电机效率脉谱

Figure 15. Efficiency map of optimized motor

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图 16 正向仿真整车模型

Figure 16. Forward-facing simulation model of whole vehicle

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图 17 NEDC工况车速跟随结果

Figure 17. Following results of vehicle speeds under NEDC working condition

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图 18 NEDC工况下电机工作点分布

Figure 18. Operating points distribution of motor under NEDC working condition

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图 19 NEDC工况电机工作点效率对比

Figure 19. Comparison of motor operating point efficiencies under NEDC working condition

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图 20 UDDS工况电机工作点效率对比

Figure 20. Comparison of motor operating point efficiencies under UDDS working condition

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图 21 JC08工况电机工作点效率对比

Figure 21. Comparison of motor operating point efficiencies under JC08working condition

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图 22 1015工况电机工作点效率对比

Figure 22. Comparison of motor operating point efficiencies under 1015working condition

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表 1 电机主要性能参数

Table 1. Main performance parameters of motor

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表 2 电机初始设计结构参数

Table 2. Preliminary design structural parameters of motor

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表 3 电机优化设计结构参数

Table 3. Optimal design structural parameters of motor

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表 4 整车仿真参数

Table 4. Simulation parameters of whole vehicle

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表 5 平均效率与单位里程能耗对比

Table 5. Comparison of average efficiencies and energy consumptions per kilometer

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