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摘要: 比较了现行中美规范平行式加速车道长度计算方法的差异, 结合运动学模型和可接受间隙理论, 在考虑主线交通水平、初始速度与可变间隙3种影响因素的基础上, 建立了城市快速路平行式加速车道长度计算模型, 采用蒙特卡洛方法求解模型, 分析了3种影响因素对加速车道长度的影响, 并提出了一种基于期望初始速度和期望主线交通水平的加速车道长度确定方法。分析结果表明: 3种影响因素对加速车道长度有较大的影响, 在不同设计时速下, 《城市快速路设计规程》 (CJJ129—2009) 规定的长度最小值均小于仿真值, 在设计时速为100km·h-1时, 三级服务水平上下限的加速车道长度分别比规定的最小值大27~36、9~27 m, 在设计时速为80km·h-1时, 分别大10~22、4~24m, 在设计时速为60km·h-1时, 分别大15~24、13~30m;随着初始速度的减小, 加速车道长度呈现增大趋势; 在相同条件下, 第4种临界间隙函数的加速车道长度最大, 而第1种临界间隙函数的加速车道长度最小, 表明临界间隙越大, 需要的加速车道就越长; 不同设计时速下三级服务水平上下限加速车道长度和初始速度的二次函数拟合度为0.865 8~0.999 7, 因此, 整体拟合效果良好。可见, 本文的快速路平行式加速车道长度计算方法合理、可靠。Abstract: The differences of calculation methods of parallel-type acceleration lane length in Chinese and American current standards were compared. Kinematics model and acceptable gap model were combined, and a calculation model of parallel-type acceleration lane length of urban expressway was established on the basis of considering three kinds of influence factors, including mainline traffic level, initial velocity and variable gap. The model was solved by Monte Carlo method. The influence of three kinds of factors on the acceleration lane length was analyzed, and a determining method of acceleration lane length based on expected initial velocity and expected mainline traffic level was proposed. Analysis result shows that 3 factors have great influence on the acceleration lane length, and the minimum values of acceleration lane length in Specification for Design of Urban Expressway (CJJ 129—2009) are smaller than the simulation values at different design speeds. When the design speed is 100 km·h-1, the upper and lower limits ofacceleration lane length under the third class service level are 27-36 mand 9-27 mlarger than the specified values, respectively. When the design speed is 80 km·h-1, the upper and lower limits of acceleration lane length under the third class service level are 10-22 mand 4-24 mlarger than the specified values, respectively. When the design speed is 60 km·h-1, the upper and lower limits of acceleration lane length under the third class service level are 15-24 mand 13-30 mlarger than the specified values, respectively. With the decrease of initial velocity, the acceleration lane length increases. Under the same condition, the acceleration lane length on the fourth critical gap function is maximum, and the value on the first critical gap function is minimum, which indicates that the larger the critical gap is, the longer the acceleration lane length is. The quadratic function fitting degrees of acceleration lane length and initial velocity are 0.865 8-0.999 7 at different design speeds under the third class service level, which indicates that the whole fitting result is good. Obviously, the calculation method of parallel-type acceleration lane length of urban expressway is reasonable and reliable.
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图 1 中国规范中平行式加速车道长度
Figure 1. Parallel-type acceleration lane length in Chinese specification
图 3 第1种临界间隙与合流车辆位置关系
Figure 3. First relationship between critical gap and confluence vehicle location
图 4 第2种临界间隙与合流车辆位置关系
Figure 4. Second relationship between critical gap and confluence vehicle location
图 5 第3种临界间隙与合流车辆位置关系
Figure 5. Third relationship between critical gap and confluence vehicle location
图 6 第4种临界间隙与合流车辆位置关系
Figure 6. Fourth relationship between critical gap and confluence vehicle location
图 7 加速车道长度计算流程
Figure 7. Computation flowchart of parallel-type acceleration lane length
表 2 设计时速为100km·h-1时加速车道长度仿真结果
Table 2. Simulation result of acceleration lane length at design speed of 100km·h-1
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表 3 设计时速为80km·h-1时加速车道长度仿真结果
Table 3. Simulation result of acceleration lane length at design speed of 80km·h-1
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表 4 设计时速为60km·h-1时加速车道长度仿真结果
Table 4. Simulation result of acceleration lane length at design speed of 60km·h-1
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表 5 设计速度为100km·h-1时加速车道长度和初始速度关系
Table 5. Relationships between acceleration lane length and initial velocity at design speed of 100km·h-1
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表 6 设计速度为80km·h-1时加速车道长度和初始速度关系
Table 6. Relationships between acceleration lane length and initial velocity at design speed of 80km·h-1
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表 7 设计速度为60km·h-1时加速车道长度和初始速度关系
Table 7. Relationships between acceleration lane length and initial velocity at design speed of 60km·h-1
下载: 导出CSV
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