隧道表层抗污耐水型防火涂料的特性

景宏君; 崔世富; 艾涛; 景宏伟

隧道表层抗污耐水型防火涂料的特性

景宏君^1,,
崔世富^2, ,,
艾涛³,
景宏伟⁴

1.
西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院, 陕西西安 710054
2.
陕西省安康公路管理局, 陕西安康 725000
3.
长安大学材料科学与工程学院, 陕西西安 710064
4.
陕西省公路局, 陕西西安 710068

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51608041

交通运输部西部交通建设科技项目 2011 318 812 1720

详细信息

作者简介:
景宏君(1974-), 男, 陕西吴堡人, 西安科技大学教授, 工学博士, 从事路面材料研究

通讯作者:
崔世富(1968-), 男, 陕西旬阳人, 陕西省安康公路管理局高级工程师

中图分类号: U454
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-06-24
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-25

Properties of fireproofing coating with dirt resistance and water resistance on tunnel surface

1.
School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
2.
Ankang Highway Bureau of Shaanxi, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi, China
3.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
4.
Shaanxi Highway Bureau, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China

More Information

Author Bio:
JING Hong-jun(1974-), male, professor, PhD, 424689213@qq.com

Corresponding author: CUIShi- fu(1968-), male, senior engineer, 13689101111@163.com

摘要

摘要: 为了提高隧道表层防火涂料的抗污性和耐水性, 选用水性环氧树脂作为成膜剂, 有机硅烷、纳米二氧化硅和纳米二氧化钛作为抗污剂, 水镁石纤维作为无机阻燃剂, 聚磷酸铵(APP) /三聚氰胺(MEL) /季戊四醇(PER) 作为有机阻燃体系, 用热分析法确定了有机阻燃体系各组分的合适比例, 通过耐火试验、热重分析、抗黏污试验与耐水性试验, 分析了纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、有机硅烷对涂料抗污性的影响, 经过配方的筛选与优化试验, 综合耐火极限测试和微观分析结果, 开发出抗污耐水性优良的新型多功能防火涂料。分析结果表明: APP、PER和MEL的质量比为2∶1∶1时, PER在APP的催化作用下, 环氧树脂成炭温度峰值由331℃降至277℃, 270℃~800℃范围内环氧树脂残炭率提高约10%;APP-PER的成炭温度峰值比MEL的分解温度低约66℃, 比环氧树脂的成炭温度峰值低约100℃, 有利于形成隔热效果较好的膨胀炭质层; APP、PER与MEL作为阻燃体系时, 加入5%有机硅烷或加入3%纳米二氧化硅和5%纳米二氧化钛, 涂料的耐火时间分别为60min或80min, 当同时加入定量的有机硅烷、纳米二氧化硅和纳米二氧化钛时, 涂料的耐火时间可延长至100min, 再加入10%锡酸锌时, 涂料的耐火时间可进一步延长至120min, 表现出组分间显著的协同防火效应; 最终优选的膨胀型防火涂料配方为: 水性环氧树脂、有机硅烷、阻燃复合剂、固化剂、复合纳米粉、锡酸锌的质量比为40∶5∶33∶4∶8∶10, 该防火涂料耐污性水平为1级, 耐火极限时间超过120min, 浸水800h后无脱落与开裂现象。
- 隧道工程 /
- 防火涂料 /
- 隧道表层 /
- 抗污性 /
- 耐水性 /
- 环氧树脂
Abstract: In order to improve the dirt resistance and water resistance of fireproofing coating of tunnel surface, waterborne epoxy resin was taken as adhesive, organic silicon polymer, nanometer silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide were taken as antifoulants, brucite fibre was taken as inorganic flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) /melamine (MEL) /pentaerythrotol (PER) was taken as organic flame retardant system, the appropriate proportions of organic flameretardant system's components were determined by thermo analysis, the effects of nanometer silicon dioxide, nanometer titanium dioxide, and organic silicon against on the dirt resistance of fireproofing coating were studied by fire test, thermo-gravimetric analysis, sticky dirty resistance test and water resistance test, and the excellent new-type multifunctional fireproofing coating with dirt resistance and water resistance was developed by screening and optimization experiments of formula, fire endurance test and microscopic analysis.Analysis result shows that when the mass ratio of APP, PER and MEL is 2∶1∶1, the charring temperature peak of epoxy resin decreases from 331 ℃to 277 ℃ under the catalysis of APP on PER, and the carbon residue rate of epoxy resin increases by 10%in the temperature range of 270 ℃-800 ℃.The charring peak temperature of APP-PER is lower about 66 ℃ than the decomposition temperature of MEL and about 100 ℃ than the charring temperature of epoxy resin degree, which is helpful to form expanding carbonaceous layer with good heat insulation effect.When 5% organic silane or 3%nanometer silica and 5% nanometer titanium dioxide is added into the flame retardant system comprised of APP, PER and MEL, the fireproofing time of coating is 60 min or 80 min.When quantitative organic silane, nanometer silicon dioxide and nanometer titanium dioxide are added into the flame retardant system together, the fireproofing time of coating increases to 100 min.Then 10%zinc stannate is added into the system, the fireproofing time of coating increases to 120 min.The increase of fireproofing time shows the significant coordination fireproofing effect of the components.The final formula of optimized intumescent fireproofing coating is that the mass ratio of waterborne epoxy resin, silane, composite flame retardant, curing agent, composite nanometer powder and zinc stannate is 40∶5∶33∶4∶8∶10, its dirt resistance grade is 1, its fireproofing time is more than 120 min, and there are no peeling and cracking phenomena after800 himmersion.
- tunneling engineering /
- fireproofing coating /
- tunnel surface /
- dirt resistance /
- water resistance /
- epoxy resin

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图 1 酒精喷灯

Figure 1. Alcohol burner

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图 2 高温电炉

Figure 2. High-temperature furnace

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图 3 涂料制备流程

Figure 3. Coating preparation process

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图 4 聚磷酸铵的热质量损失与微商热质量损失曲线

Figure 4. TG and DTG curves of APP

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图 5 聚磷酸铵的差热分析曲线

Figure 5. DTA curve of APP

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图 6 季戊四醇的热质量损失曲线

Figure 6. TG curve of PER

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图 7 季戊四醇的微商热质量损失与差热分析曲线

Figure 7. DTG and DTA curves of PER

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图 8 聚磷酸铵-季戊四醇的热质量损失与差热分析曲线

Figure 8. TG and DTA curves of APP-PER

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图 9 聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇和聚磷酸铵-季戊四醇的微商热质量损失分析曲线

Figure 9. DTG curves of APP, PER and APP-PER

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图 10 聚磷酸铵-季戊四醇残炭率理论值与试验值比较

Figure 10. Comparison between calculated values andexperimental values of APP-PER's charcoal residue rate

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图 11 三聚氰胺的热质量损失与差热分析曲线

Figure 11. TG and DTA curves of MEL

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图 12 环氧树脂的微商热质量损失曲线

Figure 12. DTG curves of epoxy resin

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图 13 有机硅烷对涂料耐火时间的影响

Figure 13. Effects of KH550on fireproofing time of coating

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图 14 纳米二氧化硅/纳米二氧化钛对涂料耐火时间的影响

Figure 14. Effects of Nano-SiO₂/Nano-TiO₂on fireproofing time of coating

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图 15 锡酸锌对涂料耐火时间的影响

Figure 15. Effects of ZnSnO₃on fireproofing time of coating

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图 16 纳米二氧化硅/纳米二氧化钛/有机硅烷对涂料耐火时间的影响

Figure 16. Effects of Nano-SiO₂/Nano-TiO₂/KH550on fireproofing time coating

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图 17 有机硅烷/纳米粉/锡酸锌对涂料耐火时间的影响

Figure 17. Effects of KH550/Nano-powders/ZnSnO₃on fireproofing time of coating

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图 18 涂料烧蚀后照片

Figure 18. Ablation photo of coating

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表 1 改性材料的选择

Table 1. Selection of modified materials

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表 2 涂料抗污性评定等级

Table 2. Dirt resistance classifications of coating

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表 3 聚磷酸铵对聚磷酸铵-季戊四醇-三聚氰胺涂料防火性能的影响

Table 3. Effects of APP on fireproofing performances of APP-PER-MEL coating

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表 4 季戊四醇和三聚氰胺对聚磷酸铵-季戊四醇-三聚氰胺涂料防火性能的影响

Table 4. Effects of PER and MEL on fireproofing performances of APP-PER-MEL coating

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表 5 改性前聚磷酸铵-季戊四醇-三聚氰胺涂料的技术性能

Table 5. Technical performances of APP-PER-MEL coating before modification

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表 6 改性材料掺量方案

Table 6. Dosage plans of modified materials

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表 7 膨胀型隧道防火涂料配方

Table 7. Formula of intumescent fireproofing coating for tunnel

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表 8 膨胀型隧道防火涂料性能

Table 8. Performances of intumescent fireproofing coating for tunnel

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